Effects of the Tet Offensive Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

For nine years, the join States were hell-bent in achieving their rightful victory in Vietnam, however, destiny had different plans for them. The Tet anxious is considered the tour point of the Vietnam Conflict because of the point that the Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army surprised the U.S and South Vietnam with several sporadic attacks. Consequently, many effects from these attacks were expected, not only if for America, but for North and South Vietnam as well. With U.S citizens opinions quickly turning against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, South Vietnam faced much disaster. Its governing body was stricken with humility because of the change magnitude abandonment of their army, leading to the inability to defend its citizens. On the other hand, North Vietnam began accepting great amounts of land along with the power to frighten the rural population. in brief after the Tet Offensive, citizens of the United States began having second opinions nigh concentrating our troops in Vietnam Within weeks of the Tet attacks, many average Americans who previously were supporters had turned against the war (Omicinski 2). A small clustering of Vietcong forces made their way into the compound of the United States embassy located in Saigon, proving to Americans that even though there were hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in Vietnam, the U.S. had progressed only slightly (Dudley 131). The people were continuously being told that the conflict would soon end, however, increase need of military assistance had U.S. citizens questioning the veracity of our government. The phrase credibility gap surfaced to describe the growing exoteric scepticism (Gerdes 14). This factor led to the governments loss of support from most of the population. Ano... ...t.edu/central/brush/LocalForces.htm.Dennison, John D. Tet Offensive of 1968 - A Simpler Version. 24 Aug 2004. foremost Cav Medic Radio Station. 3 whitethorn 2007 .Dudley, William. The Vietnam War Opposing Viewpoi nts. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1998.Gerdes, Louise. Examining Political Issues Through Political Cartoons The Vietnam War. Greenhaven Press, 2005.Omicinski, John. Tet Offensive 30 years ago A turning point of Last Half-Century. USA Today. Jan. 31, 1998. SIRS Researcher. Waubonsie valley H. S. Lib., Aurora, IL. 3 May 2007 .Vietnamization Lasting Effects On South Vietnam. 1999. StudyWorld. 11 May 2007 . Effects of the Tet Offensive sample -- Vietnam War Essays For nine years, the United States were hell-bent in achieving their rightful victory in Vietnam, however, destiny had different plans for them. The Tet Offensive is considered the turning point of the Vietnam Conflict because of the fact that the Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army surprised the U.S and South Vietnam with several sporadic attacks. Consequently, many effects from these attacks were expected, not only for America, but for North and South Vietnam as well. With U.S citizens opinions quickly turning against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, South Vietnam faced much disaster. Its government was stricken with humility because of the increased abandonment of their army, leading to the inability to protect its citizens. On the other hand, North Vietnam began accepting great amounts of land along with the power to frighten the rural population.Soon after the Tet Offensive, citizens of the United States began having second opinions about concentrating our troops in Vietnam Within weeks of the Tet attacks, many average Americans who previously were supporters had turned against the war (Omicinski 2). A small cluster of Vietcong forces made their way into the compound of the United States embassy located in Saigon, proving to Americans that even though there were hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in Vietnam, the U.S. had progressed only slightly (Dudley 131). The people were constantly being told that the conflict would soon end, however, increased need of military assistan ce had U.S. citizens questioning the veracity of our government. The phrase credibility gap surfaced to describe the growing public scepticism (Gerdes 14). This factor led to the governments loss of support from most of the population. Ano... ...t.edu/central/brush/LocalForces.htm.Dennison, John D. Tet Offensive of 1968 - A Simpler Version. 24 Aug 2004. 1st Cav Medic Radio Station. 3 May 2007 .Dudley, William. The Vietnam War Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1998.Gerdes, Louise. Examining Political Issues Through Political Cartoons The Vietnam War. Greenhaven Press, 2005.Omicinski, John. Tet Offensive 30 years ago A turning point of Last Half-Century. USA Today. Jan. 31, 1998. SIRS Researcher. Waubonsie Valley H. S. Lib., Aurora, IL. 3 May 2007 .Vietnamization Lasting Effects On South Vietnam. 1999. StudyWorld. 11 May 2007 .

My Adventure in Greece :: Personal Narrative Place

My Adventure in Greece I topped the hill, and looked back down the narrow, winding street, winded. My grandparents were still straggling up. I told my uncle that we should wait for them, and he agreed, reluctantly. He was used to the steep slopes and uneven sidewalks of the Athenian back streets, and didnt quite realize that visitors found them more than a little challenging -- especially after exploring the Acropolis virtually(prenominal) of the day. I should have been tired Id been climbing all day, since around eight that morning, and we were expert finishing the forty-five minute, up-hill-and-down-dale walk back to the American School of Archeology. disrespect a nightly average of five hours of sleep over the last week or so, I felt want I could go on forever. There was so much to see and discover -- new things to try, ancient ones to visit -- and only a few more days of this amazing holiday left My grandparents caught up, and we continued, leap-frog fashion, up the remain ing streets to our destination. When we did reach my uncles room in the American School, I had time to realize that I was more tired than I had valued to admit. Why was it that I could do so much here, in Greece, when at home Id be exhausted and begging to rest after finishing just half of the climbing that I was doing every day now? What was the difference? I refused to believe that the food, full of olive oil as it was, could change my toughness this drastically. Nor was it the hot climate. Still, here I was climbing forty-five grade -- and greater -- inclines in ninety degree heat when, under the same conditions in Wilkes-Barre, I would be hiding from high temperatures in the nice, cool basement and avoiding all activity. I thought back to the Acropolis and the view of Athens sprawled at my feet, of the great, symetrical Parthenon, and the graceful Keryatids of the Erectheon. I remembered the tiny temple of Isis on the desert-like island of Delos, and high, windy Ancient Thira on Santorini. Yes, seeing, visiting, touching those ancient masterpeices was thrilling, but even walking down -- or up -- the dustiest, most winding street in Athens was a treasured experience in itself. But the streets in Athens were paved with asphalt just like the roads in Dallas or Exeter.

My Career as a Nurse or Elementary School Teacher :: Career Essays

Throughout my young life, I have had multiple encounters with the medical field. In both ways, good and bad, which fuel and spark my interest into a nurse program. Growing up, I have always had a particular interest in becoming a nurse. From experiencing, my young cousins and nephew being brought into the world, to opinioning and seeing love loved ill family members fading away. The love and pride the nurses brought to my family and I is indescribable. Knowing that they cared is among the most desired aspect, I feel that can accommodate me into this particular field. My take is the inspiration soul behind my will and want in life. Her, being a single mother of two, I have been shown firsthand the struggles of just keep above poverty. The extent where we werent allowed help, so struggling to make ends meet was the only answer. I want to overcome the dread of witnessing my mother a 9-5 calling that drained the life right out of her. I push my studies with such a quote men tioned by many you will never work a day in your life, if you love what you do. Believing and achieving that status refreshes me into jumping headfirst into school. Having to deal with multiple family deaths, I am all too familiar with the infirmary environment. In such ways that I have almost built a bond with a select few staff in the hospital. near in which shared their background with me through their schooling experience. They all love their job and education they received. It all truly inspired me to pursue my education. Personally, I feel my loving and caring attitude is beyond the typical description. In particular, my devotion for infant and young kids. Knowing I can make a unlikeness can ultimately drive me into being the best student and a good person. Anyone considering a job in the health care should take a personality test. Results of mine was social. Social people that enjoy and thrive off of helping others and promoting a learning environment. They like to te ach, to give advice, or in other words provide service to people. In other words a person that is willing to go out of their way to determine the unhealthiness of another being. It all rolls out to be a major role of a nurse.

Automation in the Field of Law :: Technology Research Papers

Automation in the Field of LawMissing Works Cited The question of what should be machine-driven in our world is ace that deserves serious contemplation. In a time when technology seems to race past our population at an incredible rate, the thought of our whole world being automated is not a radical concept. It has been predicted that in the near future, every aspect of our society will contain some sort of automation. But what is automation only? A Websters Dictionary for college students defines automation as the handling and fabrication of materials by automatic machinery, especially when no part of the process is done by hand.1 The same source gives the definition of automatic as operated by self-acting machinery.2 My idea of automation is a machine taking everywhere a job that a human used to perform in such a way that the machine acts on its own to accomplish the task. Webster seems to take up at automation under the terms of machinery but in our world today, mos t of the automation we are concerned with involves computers. Computers are said to be a billion times faster than human beings and are known for their capability to hold more information than humans ever could. So in a world where automation is beginning to gain more and more ground on a daily basis, most aspects of our society have seen its effects. This is especially authoritative for the athletic field of law. There is an important need in this field to remain organized in order for it to be successful. This task requires that billions of laws be filed in an efficient way so they can be accessed on a daily basis by lawyers and judges in order to formulate case arguments and decisions. instantaneously that computers are an essential part of our business world, it seems obvious that some type of automation such as a software program should be introduced into the field of law to help remain organized. But beyond the simple computer program, what about the thought that the whole system itself could be automated? Believe it or not, this thought is already being discussed, and systems are already being designed for that purpose. In the following paper, I will talk about three unlike types of automation currently used or proposed for use in the legal system.

Essay --

Interest Groups Interest groups organization of people sharing common objectives who energetically attempt to influence political science policymakers through direct and indirect methods. J. M. Molins and A. Casademunt, Pressure Groups and the Articulation of Interests, in West European Politics, No. 4, 1998 This structure is designed so that evoke groups would be a device of mankind influence on politics to generate changes, but would not intimidate the government much. Whether this is still the nerve or not is a significant question that we should find out. Interest groups play numerous different roles in the American political system, such as depiction, participation, education, and program monitoring. Representation is the purpose that we see most frequently and the function we routinely think of when we think of interest groups. Involvement is another role that interest groups play in our government, which is while they facilitate and support the contribution of their m embers in the political process. Interest groups also educate, by trying to enlighten both public officials and the public at large concerning matters of significance to them. Interest groups also keep way of how programs are functioning in the field and endeavor to influence government to take action when troubles become obvious when they monitor programs. The conventional interest groups have been organized around several form of economic origin, be it incarnate interests, associates, or unions. The number of business-oriented lobbies has developed since the 1960s and continues to grow. Public-interest groups have as well grown extremely since the 1960s. Liberal groups started the trend, but traditional groups are now honest as common, though some groups... ...e Role of Local Government and Citizens in the classless Process, National Civic Review, vol. 85, no. 3, Fall 1996. March, J.G. & J.P. Olsen (1998) The Institutional Dynamics of outside(a) Political Orders, 524 Inte rnational Organization 943, Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, Cambridge, Mass The MIT Press, pp. 303-329) March, J.G. & J.P. Olsen (2000) Democracy and Schooling, in L.M. McDonnell, P.M. Timpane & R. Benjamin (eds), Rediscovering the Democratic process of Education, Lawrence University of Kansas Press, pp. 148-173 Olsen, J.P. (1997) Institutional Design in Democratic Contexts, 53 The Journal Of Political Philosophy 203 Rokkan, S. (1999) (edited by P. Flora, with S. Kuhnle & D. Urwin) State Formation, Nation-Building and Mass Politics in Europe The Theory of Stein Rokkan, Oxford Oxford University Press

The Death Of A Salesman: The Reality Evasion Drug :: essays research papers

Never does one go through their invigoration without having to deal with slightly sort of personal conflict. The manner in which people deal with these conflicts vary as much as the prints on a persons finger. Some try and enlighten the problem and get rid of it, while others will try and put it aside for as long as possible. Willy Lomans method in Arthur Millers play, The Death of a Salesman, is very dangerous and builds to harsh results. Willy never tries to help the circumstances, he only flees to his great memories of the better days, when his lifes predicaments were very limited. He uses this evasion tool as though it were an addictive narcotic, and as the tarradiddle unfolds, the audience soon discovers the lethality of the drug.Willys first flash to the past was when his son, Biff, returns home from the west. Willy discusses his disappointment in Biff with his dear wife Linda. When Willy fails to head with this misfortune successfully, he returns in his head to a time when everything was going well and life was more fortunate to him. It is perfectly normal for one to retrieve more fortunate days at the more dispirited times of life, as long as they can return to the present and deal with the worldly concern of the situation. However, Willy never does return to the original problem, he just continues on with life, fleeing from the troubles that cross his path. His refusal to acknowledge naturalism becomes so significant, that he honestly believes the past, and he lives his entire life through a false identity never looking at the truth of his life.Willy becomes more and more dependent on his drug as the story progresses. His next allusion to the past was during a conversation with his wife. Willy is downhearted about his failure to provide for his family, his looks, and basically his whole life in general. He begins to see slightly of the truth in his life "I know it when they walk in. They seem to laugh at me."(Miller The Death of a Sales man pg. 23) By trying to see the reality in life, for once, he depresses himself so awfully, that he has a rendezvous in his head with his women that he sees on the side. He only uses this women to lift his spirits and to wangle the truths that nearly scare him into his own grave.

Lady Macbeth Diary

Dear Diary, When I found out Duncan was coming to stay, I was anxious and excited that the king was coming to my castle. It was so perfect, so untold had happened with Macbeth and I already told Macbeth somewhat my joy and exited on his achievement. This time he had said that we could speak no further but I thought that meant he wanted to tell me something later. I not knowing what he was thinking come up conclusions. How wrong could I apply been? The night of the banquet I have found him standing alone in a room thinking to himself.He said he would proceed no further with my plan. Well, I couldnt believe it. I felt betrayed by my own husband. His pull up stakes, was becoming a king but by his actions he would never reach there. To strengthen him up, I told him a few home truths. I said my husband is as weak as a newborn. He isnt a man except he cannot make up wise discussions. Anyways, after that he had said what if our plan fails and I then replied we lead not fail because wh en Duncan is asleep you will go to his chamber and do as your fortune says.You will be the next king. After discussion he changed his mind and said he will do the deed. Then after I had given Macbeth the signal to go ahead with our plan. As I waited anxiously for the results, near Duncans room, I had to have a drink to give me strength and faith. I then started to imagine what was going on, but at one point I thought he had not done it. I could not have done it because Duncan resembles too much of my father. When Macbeth came back he was carrying two bloody daggers. Some warrior what Macbeth isHe and stood there saying awful and puzzling things and in the end I had to go back to hide the evidence so we could not get goddam for this event that occurred. After that we just washed our hands with water and went to get dressed into our nightgown to make it look like we just woke up. Macbeth was still panic-stricken because of what he had done. Now I just hope Macbeth is king so I can be queen. I am also concerned about him because he could instantly tell what he had committed, all what we have done can be lost. Love ,

Nepali Music

Nepal medication The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and immaculate medicinal drug is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. music is associated with every termination in Nepal, then be it throw, marriage,festivals or National events. heterogeneous songs, medical specialtyal instruments and dances ar connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral surgical processions.The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and come apartical. There are a number of other genres that are save to be cataloged. Fast Facts traditional Nepali Music Imported Music juvenileari Music Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music Khas Music Western MusicRock & RollRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap Gurung Music Kirant Music Tamang Music Magar Music Sherpa Music Maithili Music Bhojpu ri Music Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The following music genres have their roots in Nepal and are accordingly considered to be indigenous.This includes- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is care for by people of every last(predicate) walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas MusicKhas music belongs to the Khas society where castes analogous Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the growing everydayity of television, radio and other means of stool communication. The minstrels u sed to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. Latin music history Latin musicis the result of a multiform social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus.Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a apprise introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the perfect world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to suppose that the indigenous people of the New humans had their own music.For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments were very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were do al l over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to date intraditional Latin musiclike South Americas Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New instauration Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Lusitanian powers brought to the New World.Latin music is, in fact, outlined to a large pull by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music from brazil-nut tree, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the stark naked land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments.Originally, these instruments were intended to restore the music that was played in Europe. However, they soon became the ideal tools to express t he feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The African slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does non touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music.However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how meaningful this influence is. Samba,Salsa,Merengue,Bachata,Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture near this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-American styles like RB and Hip-Hop have defined the de velopment ofLatin music genressuch asReggaetonand Urban music.A fond Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned sooner created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin PopandRock en Espanolhave been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the punch way of life in the plains ofColombiaand Venezuela have producedLlaneramusic.Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development ofTangoin Argentina. Traditional Mexican musicwas largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a flagitious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However, there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world.Nepali MusicNepal Music The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage,festivals or National events. Various songs, musical instruments and dances are connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral processions.The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and classical. There are a number of other genres that are yet to be cataloged. Fast Facts Traditional Nepali Music Imported Music Newari Music Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music Khas Music Western MusicRock & Rol lRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap Gurung Music Kirant Music Tamang Music Magar Music Sherpa Music Maithili Music Bhojpuri Music Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The following music genres have their roots in Nepal and are therefore considered to be indigenous.This includes- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is cherished by people of all walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas MusicKhas music belongs to the Khas society where castes like Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the grow ing popularity of television, radio and other means of mass communication. The minstrels used to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. Latin music history Latin musicis the result of a complex social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus.Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a brief introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the entire world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to remember that the indigenous people of the New World had their own music.For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments w ere very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were made all over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to date intraditional Latin musiclike South Americas Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New World Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Portuguese powers brought to the New World.Latin music is, in fact, defined to a large extend by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music fromBrazil, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the new land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments.Originally, these instruments were intended to recreate the music that was played in Europe. How ever, they soon became the ideal tools to express the feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The African slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does not touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music.However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how significant this influence is. Samba,Salsa,Merengue,Bachata,Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture about this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-Ameri can styles like RB and Hip-Hop have defined the development ofLatin music genressuch asReggaetonand Urban music.A Social Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned before created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin PopandRock en Espanolhave been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the cowboy way of life in the plains ofColombiaand Venezuela have producedLlaneramusic.Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development ofTangoin Argentina. Traditional Mexican musicwas largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a serious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However , there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world.

Internet Phishing Essay

Internet Phishing is the 21st century crime with stories running all(a) over the globe on how victims be succumbing to this attack. While the people carrying out this task, have continually developed more sophisticated methods of crime, while on the new(prenominal) hand, businesses have been continuously searching for solutions on how to protect their customers personal info and increase their electronic mail security.While most of the organizations around the world are battling for better(p) and safer solutions, most of them are taking intermediary steps to prevent phishing. This paper intends to discuss the technologies and security flaws that are used by Phishers to exploit data. Along with this, the near neutral advise is also presented on how to combat the growing issue of Phishing. The word phishing initially comes from the equivalence that early Internet criminals used email lures to phish for pass lyric poem and sparing data from a group of Internet users.The use of p h in the terminology is partly lost with time and has been most likely associated with other hacking words like Phreaks which traces back to early hackers who were involved in phreaking _ the hacking of telephone systems. Phishing makes use of most of the ordinary internet communication bring, spoofed messages in order to lure victim into their trap in order to steal the electronic identity of the victim. Phishing is related to the act of tricking customers with their confidential information for despicable use.Phishing targets the use of mass emails like spam and most often make the use of bots to automatically target victims. Any online business may find Phishers masquerading as them and targeting their customer base. The size of the organization does not matter much over here but it is the value of the information that is reaped by such types of attacks. There has been an escalating amount of increase in the number of phishing attacks and forthwith the Phishers attack an audi ence size in the range of millions of users around the world.These email addresses have been found at the large online retail websites where internet users tend to put in their email ids at the click of a mouse. Some of these websites have also been found to be fake and illegal which allow the Phishers to easily fool away the users into submitting their personal information very easily before identifying any kind of safety issues. While the method of Spam was quite annoying and burden some, Phishing has the potential to straight attack the important data and create losses due to illegal currency transfers.As the study suggests, over 57 million internet users in the United States have already identified the links in their emails to phishing scams. An astounding number of 1. 7 million people have already fallen mark to these phishing attacks and have been tricked into submitting their personal information. According to R James, With various experts extolling proprietary additions or collaborative improvements to core message delivery protocols such as SMTP, organizations may find that they must wait for third-party fixes to become available before finding a solution to Phishing.While the security failures within SMTP are indeed a popular exploit vector for Phishers, there are an increasingly array of communication channels available for malicious message delivery. With time, the concept of Phishing has increased by numerous folds and now Phishers are luring the victims by a variety of ways to divulge their personal as well as financial information. Fake websites, installation of fifth column horse key-loggers and screen captures, and man-in-the-middle data proxies are some of these tools used by Phishers.These websites also include job sites and even lucrative job offers. People who are looking for huge amounts money on the internet within a short span of time, are the ones who are lured easily on these websites. These users open up a bank accounts and u se this bank account to receive money and then transferring this money to their own personal bank accounts. These websites actually lure the victims by making them perform a number of safe looking actions that ultimately provides access to the users personal account information.Most of the communication channels that are most popularly used on the interne such as email, landing pages, IRC, messaging systems, are also used freely for the answer of Phishing. In these cases, the phisher has to imitate a faithful source for the victim to believe. Till date the most successful of the phishing scams have been done with the help of emails. In these scams the Phisher copies some sending authority (e. g. spoofing the source email address and embedding appropriate corporate logos).For example, an internet user recives an email from an email address like supportbank. com and the email contains the subject line security update and contains a request as to validate their personal account infor mation in order to stop a security threat that has been initiated on their account. After reading this emails, over 70% of the internet users would be willing to send their personal account information in order to get verified by contacting the email sender and requesting them to cancel the order or the transaction.After this the phisher now asks them to divulge their personal information and then easily lures the victim into his trap. Countering the Threat As already stated above there are a number of phishing methods that can be used by the Phishing community. To combat these threats, there are a mix of information security technologies and techniques that are available for the internet users in order to safeguard their personal data from Phishing scams. For the best results and safety, these safety measures should be put onto the three logical layers of the system in question.

Domestic security Essay

Team Global says, As an organization, the Canadian Forces (CF) is the only agency capable of providing the specific assets and professional person knowledge to combat todays threats to domestic pledge. The CF is the only organization that possesses the corporate knowledge to undertake a task of such order. However, end-to-end the essay Team Global contradicts this point of view by stating the CF effectiveness could be augmented to play a more busy role in domestic security measure operation.Another contradiction is presented by stating, in order to facilitate these changes, several inter giving medicational and interdepartmental relationships need to be genuine and maintained in conjunction with civilian actorities, other governments and other departments of the CF. Finally, the author says the CF has unique assets and the government can not afford to pass by them when considering domestic security issues. Throughout the essay, the author reveals a series of contradictions leaving the reader with questions regarding domestic security whose responsibility is it? Team Global makes reference to the CF having a primary obligation to protect the country and its citizens while defending and securing Canada. In comparison with the civilian government organization, how different atomic number 18 these domestic security responsibilities? The Canada Border helpers Agency (CBSA) is committed to providing a smarter, more secure and efficient border.To achieve this goal, they add, the CBSA relies on technology, information sharing, risk analysis and biometrics, (Safety and security measures). National Security requires an integrated approach to ensure early detection and prevention of any potential threats to Canada and the public. Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), and provincial and municipal police services, The RCMP has refocused its National Security Investigations Sections (NSIS) to become Integrated Nati onal Security Enforcement Teams (INSETs).The author states that since September 11, 2001, a government analysis of terrorist threats lay down the only agency capable of both deterrence and prevention is the CF. The CF, being the only agency funds, would be directed exclusively to this organization. However, Ottawa mature an initial investment of $7. 7 billion to support a comprehensive, multi-year, multi-department federal strategy to strengthen public safety and security by 2006 providing a contradicting condemnation of funds, (Louis Osemwegie).Furthermore, the essay leans towards tradition with reference to past civilian security responsibilities. Team Global states, traditionally, surveillance and control of the Canadian territory, airspace and marine area, lies with civilian agencies such as the Department of Transport The threat of terrorism regarding domestic security in Canada traditionally existed after 9/11. When the author speaks of tradition and new government analysi s, it misleads the actual role these organizations have played and continue to be involved with Canadiandomestic security issues. An article by the Canadian Council of Chief Executives relay that after Sept 11 attacks, the Canadian government developed the concept of Reinventing Borders. The Council explains, in order to achieve what the Canadian government has described as a border is something that is open for business but closed to terrorism. This indicates to the reader that it is clear that government civilian organization remain a component of Canadian domestic security in reference to smart border declaration and accord.Next confusion is further focused with regards to sole responsibility of domestic security when discussing legislation, policies, constitution and the National Defence Act (NDA). Rules and regulation are implemented to guide, direct and set limitation with restrictions to maintain a certain order inwardly society and the organization acting within. The Canad ian Forces is being pointed out by the author as the sole organization capable of handling the task and responsibilities of Canadian domestic security.It is fair to question then, why do the policies, legislation, NDA and Canadian Constitution Act 1867 outline rules with respect to civil power? They reinforce a adjunction effort to exist between CF and civilian organizations. Again the author says, the protection of the Canadian coastline is defined through Defence policies, which encourage Maritime elements to emergence surveillance of Canadian water and approaches in the cooperation with the Canadian Coast Guard, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and the United States Coast Guard.Again, a contradiction is made by the author who now reflects a combined effort as an effective means. Finally, Team Global states, due to the CFs unique operational experience and assets, they are solely capable of providing both the corporate knowledge and skills required to provide sound domesti c security. With regards to the assets, team global explain that the Canadian Navy with its Frigates and capital of Seychelles class submarines are unique to domestic security capabilities. Louis ? fe ?semwegie states, in the Maritimes, it means acquiring patrol vessels to augment the Navy with added capabilities to enable interoperability with USN and US Coast Guard, instead of purchasing an expensive Destroyer or more Victoria class submarines, supposedly, other Cold War legacies. Furthermore, submarines are said to be highly effective at sinking ships and other submarines, but they are of little or no use in peacekeeping and peace twist operations, or even in conducting coastal patrols to protect fisheries and catch smugglers, (Staples and Robinson).In conclusion, Team Globals view and evidence presents a number of contradictions throughout the essay. Which organization best fits the role of Canadian Domestic Security is not clear. Much discussion is forwarded in relation to o rganizations, i. e. civilian, Canadian Forces and assets accompanying both. The reader is leftfield to make his or her decision of Domestic Security and Canadas best fit solution. Canada, being a liberal democratic society presents the voice of its citizens as a liberal democratic society. The author has educated the reader of what organizations are involved but is unclear of whom is solely responsible.

Transport Safety

Examples of products that have been pictureed against crime area) Cars produced with alarm systems and tracking devices.Cars produced with these features are more difficult to steal because alarm systems and tracking devices harden the posterior and increase the risk of apprehension.b) Biometric locks.Biometric locks help prevent crime by target band.c) Secure bike parking stands.This locks both wheels and the frame of the bike to the stand hardening the target and increasing the risk for a criminal.d) Injection molded seats.These seats are virtually impervious to malicious criminal damage such as slashing with a knife or burning with cigarettes.e) Security car electric battery.This car battery is designed to allow the car owner deactivate the battery on parking making it difficult for anyone without a spare battery to steal the car.f) Tamper evident containers.These containers prevent retailers from substituting branded products with cheaper alternatives.g) Layout design of disc ussion section stores.The layout of department stores is designed to reduce anonymity, freedom from surveillance and alternative escape routes. This answers the three basic questions potential shop lifters ask. Can I be seen? If I am seen will I be noticed? If I am seen and noticed will anybody do anything about it?These few examples were designed after massive research and are quite effective in crime prevention. In all examples, targets have been hardened and the risk to offenders has been increased. The only limitations seen in store layout design is that many square meters that could have been used in product display are lost hence loss of revenue.But in the long run, the gain outweighs the loss. another(prenominal) limitation to these new designs is that they tend to be more expensive than conventional designs but having said this, a design approach to crime prevention provides serviceable solutions to problems that are often complex and multifaceted.

English Paper on Holes Essay

The film codes and conventions are greatly used in the movie Holes, directed by Andrew Davis, to construct characters and develop the atmosphere. The film is about a young boy, Stanley Yelnats, who is falsely accused of stealing a pair of shoes. As a punishment, he is direct to camp Greenlake, where he meats and discovers an ancient secret that leads him to great treasure. Throughout the movie technical, symbolic, audio and written codes are used to demonstrate the characters personalities as well as create a profound atmosphere in every scene. These filmic conventions help the audience to obtain a clearer understanding of the main characters and the movie itself.The innocent and pally nature of Stanley is effectively demonstrated through the film codes and conventions. He is a protagonist in the movie and undergoes the most change to his personality and behavior throughout the film. In the very first scene, Stanleys voice over is used saying All my life, I tickm to appear at the wrong metre in the wrong place. This audio code has a great effect on the viewers opinion of Stanley, indicating that he is clumsy or unlucky. A little further into the movie, techniques such as costume and setting are well used. Stanleys over-sized old clothes and the messy, un-tidy house of the Yelnats family gives an impression of a less fortunate family. These filmic codes are vital in the construction of Stanleys personality.The film codes and conventions successfully show aughts as a closed, start and disrespected little boy. He too is one of the main characters in the movie and over time becomes great friends with Stanley. When Stanley is introduced to the other boys in camp, Mr. Fernandsci explains, You know why everyone calls him Zero? Because he has nothing going on in his stupid, little head. The effect of this dialogue is immense. Zero is introduced as a dumb and helpless boy, that we understand that he is plainly judged and bullied. When the councilor proclaims this , Zero turns his back on the boys and his facial expression shows anger and disappointment. These symbolic codes have a huge effect on the viewers opinion of zero, suggesting that he is an annoyed and perhaps unapproachable little boy. He just wants everyone to leave him alone. The audience understands zeros tranquillize yet unsociable personality through the excellent use of various film code techniques.The filmic conventions are used to create a dream-like atmosphere in the scene where kissing Kate Barlow commits suicide. After stealing and burying the treasure of Stanleys great grandfather, she has been stranded in the desert for several days. When viewers first see her lying on the sand, the focus of the tv camera is blurred. This technical code has a great effect on the viewers understanding of the scene, showing that it is a crummy back or memory. Further into the episode, a blurred image of Sam appears and Kate murmurs, Its so hot Sam but I feel so frigidness. These techni ques give an impression that Kates vision is blurring and she is hallucinating because of exhaustion. This dialogue and several other shots work together to create the imaginary, almost unrealistic atmosphere.A talented and relieving atmosphere is created with the use of film codes in the scene where Stanley and Zero climb gods thumb and reach water. After a close omit from Camp Greenlake, the two boys have been wondering along the desert for days. They have lastly reached a rocky mountain in the shape of a thumb, onto which Stanleys great grandfather had once climbed, and found water. Joyful and lively music plays when the boys finally come to the top of the mountain. The use of this technique demonstrates how Zero and Stanley have finally reached their goals and the atmosphere is clearly shown. Throughout this scene, cool colors such as blue, purple, grey and violet are used. This symbolizes the peacefulness of the situation and the viewer gives a suspire of relief, as the main characters are unharmed. These filmic codes are very important in the construction of a serene atmosphere in the particular scene.The atmosphere and the characters personalities in the movie are created by the excellent use of film codes and conventions. Voice overs, body language and costumes are used to construct the character of Stanley and Zero. Colors, music, different camera shots and dialogue are used during different scenes to portray the correct atmosphere. These various codes give us a better understanding of the film and the important messages.

Coffee consumption Essay

Faculty of Farm Management, Banats University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, Timisoara Romania petz_elenayahoo. com 2 ) Faculty economic science Science, University Tibiscus Timisoara, 1/A Daliei St. , Timisoara, Romania Abstract. The java commercialize is a dynamic trade due to the numerous mades, to the extensive range of assortments and to the high number of large number that ar more and more sophisticated. There has been lately a trend toward pre-pack time-worn burnt umber, i. e. towards high quality assert and to larger weight coffee packages.Despite the high worth of the coffee, Romanians fuddle more and more coffee. The leading assortment is ground coffee followed by soluble coffee. Keywords ask, aspirations, demand, offer, drug addiction, behaviour, market INTRODUCTION Marketing research is not an exact science, and it is not an exact science either. It is about operative with concourse, with their ever-changing needs and desires under the impact of hundreds of factors that ar more or less known. Market psychoanalysis shows what people wish to grease ones palms, to consume, or to use. As a rule, this means something different from what companies want us to believe, to produce and to sell.It is not enough to must study peoples needs we should also know peoples desires and aspirations. The main component of marketing research is the study of consumer behaviour. The research of consumer behaviour concerns different attitudes in the process of buying decision (e. g. peoples attitude towards information, the choice of the obtain place, fidelity towards the made, get aware of the price, knowing consumers difficult nature, and so on ). Consumer behaviour is a complex phenomenon and, at the homogeneous time, an interdisciplinary field.MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aims at presenting the coffee consumer profile, the way the choosing and purchasing of the different types of coffee on the ma rket is done, and the way coffee made notoriety is determined. The target population consisted of all the people aged everyplace 18 and living in Timisoara. The sampling method we used was the quotas method. In applying this method, we started from the characteristics of the target population (e. g. age, sex, occupation, etc. ). Sample size varies depending on the thrust threshold and on the accepted error.The way the questionnaire was applied consisted in a field survey, i. e. questioning people outside the shops. 362 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At present, consumers are masters of their incomes. br differently stratification differentiates incomes and determines signifi digestt variations of the consumption structure. Knowing the structure of the consumers attitude is a good fortune to investigate the causes determining the acceptance or rejection of a produce. The most important means is researching consumers desires. question no. 1 in our questionnaire, Do you potable coffee? is a filter question. As a result of the break ups we got to this question, we could see that 56% of the people we questioned drink coffee 17% answered hey do not drink coffee at all and 27% answered they only drink coffee sometimes. Thus, the 17 people respond they never drink coffee were removed from the study. The answer to question, How often do you drink coffee? resulted in the following answers 92% of the respondents answered they drink coffee free-and-easy composition 8% answered they drink coffee occasionally. The answer to the question, Who bargain fors the coffee in your family? showed that it is the housewife who does it (76% of the cases). As for the question, How often do you buy coffee? 40% of the respondents answered they secure it once a month, 28% answered they leveraging it twice a month, and 20% answered they purchase it rather seldom. As for the amount of coffee people purchase, the figure below shows that 40% of the coffee purchasers prefer packages of 5 00 g, while 36% prefer packages of 250 g (Fig. 1). 40% 40% 36% 35% 30% 25% 20% 16% 15% 8% 10% 5% 0% 250 g 500 g universal gravitational constant g More Fig.1. Amount of coffee purchased The answers to question, On what occasion do you purchase coffee?, 72% of the respondents verbalize they purchase coffee for the daily consumption, while 8% said they purchase coffee for other goals. The questionnaire showed that 64% of the respondents purchase their coffee at the hyeprmarket and supermarket, 24% of the respondents purchase coffee from the respite shops, and 12% purchase coffee from the market. As for the coffee made, we could see that 48% of the respondents prefer the Jakobs made, 24% purchase the Elita made, 16% purchase the Amigo made, 8% purchase the Tchibo made, and 4% purchase the Amaroy and Lavazza mades (Fig.2).The answers to question, What do you appreciate most in the coffee you purchase? , 50% of the respondents answered it is flavour, 40% answered it is the taste, and 10% 363 answered it is strength. Asfor the factors influencing purchase decision, we could see from the respondents answers that 44% of them are influenced by the price, 28% answered they are influenced by the made, and 20% of the respondents admitted it is the advertising (Fig. 3). 48% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 24% 16% 8% 4% Elita Jacobs Amigo Tchibo early(a) specifications.Fig. 2. Coffee mades 44% 45% 40% 35% 28% 30% 25% 20% 20% 15% 8% 10% 5% 0% Advertising Price Packaging Trade Fig. 3. Factors influencing purchase decision 40% 40% 32% 35% 28% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Home, in family At the cafe/ At w ork (school), terrace, w ith the automatic friends coffee Fig. 4. Favourite place for coffee consumption 364 The answers to question, Where do you usually have your coffee? , showed that 40% of the respondents answered it is at home, 32% answered they have their coffee with their friends, at coffee shops, on terraces, etc., and 28% of the respondents said they have their coffee at their work place, from the coffee machine (Fig. 4). As for the age of the respondents, we could see that 36% of them are aged 26-40, 28% are aged 18-25, 20% are aged 41-65, and 16% are aged above 65. From the point of emplacement of their income, 56% of the respondents recognise less than 1,000 lei /month, 20% crystalise between 1,000 and 1,500 LEI /month, 16% of the respondents earn between 1,501 LEI /month and 2,000 LEI /month, and only 8% of the respondents earn more than 2,000 LEI /month. CONCLUSIONS.In order to get higher performances, any company needs a strong consumer-oriented marketing strategy. Therefore, it is very important to monitor and study the consumer behaviour from all points of view type of consumer, age, sex, occupation, group of appurtenance, personality, culture, etc. the questions marketing operators should use in their studies and shaping of purchase behaviour and consumption behaviour in their attempt to better decide how to react are su ch questions as Who? , When? , How? , How practically? , From where? , How many times? , etc.To have a closer look at the factors influencing the behaviour of the coffee consumer we have carried out the present study by applying a questionnaire to a number of 60 people whose main common feature is that they all live in the city of Timisoara. On the ground of this study, we can draw the following conclusions 56% of the respondents drink coffee, 27% drink it sometimes, and 17% never 92% of the respondents drink coffee daily, while 8% drink it occasionally 76% of the coffee purchasers are women 40% of the respondents purchase coffee once a month, 28% twice a month, and 20% rather seldom40% of the respondents prefer packages of 500 g, while 36% prefer 250 g packages 72% of the respondents purchase coffee for their daily consumption, while 8% purchase it for other reasons 64% of the respondents purchase their coffee at the hyeprmarket and supermarket, 24% from the corner shops, and 12% from the market, 48% of the respondents prefer the Jakobs made, 24% Elita, 16% Amigo, 8% Tchibo, and 4% Amaroy and Lavazza 50% of the respondents purchase coffee for its flavour, 40% for its taste, and 10% for its strength 44% of the respondents are influenced by the coffee price in their purchase, 28% by the made, and 10% by the adds40% of the respondents prefer have their coffee at home, 32% in town, and 28% at the work place 36% of the respondents were aged 26-40, 28% were aged 18-25, 20% were aged 41-65, and 16% were aged above 65. 56% of the respondents earn less than 1,0 00 LEI /month , 20% earn between 1,000 and 1, 500 LEI/month, 16% of the respondents earn between 1,501 LEI /month and 2 ,000 LEI /mon th, and on ly 8% of the respondents earn more than 2,000 LEI /month.REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Baker J. M. (1997).Marketing Societatea Stiintifica si Tehnica S. A. ,capital of Romania Balaure V. (2000) Marketing Ed. Uranus, Bucuresti Demetrescu M. C. (2000) Metode de a naliza in marketing Ed. Teora, Bucuresti Foltean Florin (2000) Cercetari de marketing editi a II-a Ed. Mirton, Timisoara Kotler Ph. (1997) Managementul marketingului Ed. Teora, Bucuresti Niculescu Elena (2000) Marketing modern Ed. Polirom, Iasi court Elena (2004) Marketing agrar, Ed. Marineasa Pruteanu Stefan, Corneliu Munteanu, Cezar Caluschi Inteligenta. Marketing plus Ed. Polirom 365.

Aspirin Experiment

Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen presentation Synthesis and use of goods and services of organic heterogeneouss is an extremely important bea of modern chemistry. Approximately half of totally chemists work with organic chemicals. In everyday life, m both if not most of the chemicals you come in disturb with are organic chemicals. Examples include drugs, synthetic fabrics, paints, plastics, and so on Synthesis of Aspirin and Methyl Salicylate. The two compounds we testament be preparing, acetylsalicylic acid (acetylsalicylic paneling) and anele of wintergreen ( methyl radical radical salicylate), are both organic esters.An ester is a compound that is make when an acid (containing the COOH group) reacts with an alcohol (a compound containing an -OH group). O C R1 O H O + H O C R2 R1 O R2 + H O H acid alcohol ester water Here R1 and R 2 represent groups such as CH3 or CH3 CH2 -. The chemical reaction type shown above may be called a condensation reaction beca use the small molecule H 2 O is eliminated from the reactants while the rest bits of the reactant condense together to give the main crossroad. This reaction may overly be called an esterification, since the crossroad of the reaction is an ster, a compound containing the CO2 R group (see chapter 11 for definitions of acids, esters, and alcohols). Esters usually attain pleasant, fruit-like aromas and are the chemicals prudent for the olfactions and flavors of many fruits (oranges, bananas, pineapples) and flowers. In most cases, such natural products get their properties from a mixture of organic compounds. In this experiment you will prepare two esters of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, more lowbredly known as salicylic acid. One of the esters, acetylsalicylic acid, is aspirin, the common analgesic. We will synthesize aspirin by mixing salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.The second ester product is oil of wintergreen, or methyl salicylate, which we prepare by allowing salicylic ac id to react with methyl alcohol. This compound, which has a familiar odor is used as a flavoring agent and in rubbing ointments. Both of these reactions are shown below. preparation of acetylsalicylic acid H H C C H C H C C C C O O H O H + O H3C H3C C O C O H H+ H H C C C H C C C C O O O C O CH3 + O C H3C O H H salicylic acid acetic anhydride acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) acetic acid readying of methyl salicylate H H C C H C H C C C C O O H O H + H O H H CH3 H+ H C C C C C C HO H + O H H O C O CH3 salicylic acid methanol methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) water This experiment illustrates several properties of organic synthesis. While both product compounds in the experiment are esters of the same compound (salicylic acid), they are quite dissimilar in social structure. Aspirin involves a reaction of the -OH group of salicylic acid, while methyl salicylate involves a reaction of the COOH group of salicylic acid. Organic chemistry is the broad field of canvass the tremendou s variety of such reactions of organic functional groups. Purification by Re crystallizinglization.After preparing the aspirin, we will purify it. close to solids can be purified by recrystallization, at a cost of lower percent yield. Recrystallization is usually do by dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent, which is thermal. If insoluble particles are present, the hot ascendant is filtered to remove them (we will skip this hot filtration step). The solution is allowed to cool slowly, and is eventually cooled in ice. The crystals that form slowly are more utter(a) than the original solid. Characterization by Melting Point. A simple line drawing technique that can be very useful in determining purity is liquescent point.It does not, however, ascertain much about the identities of the impurities. Pure materials usually adjudge characteristic temperatures at which they melt, or a constrict temperature range (less than one degree) everyplace which they melt. Impure co mpounds usually melt at a lower temperature, over a wider range. HAZARDS Both acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid are reactive chemicals that can produce a serious burn on contact with the skin, and are irritating to the eyes. In case of contact with these chemicals, rain out the skin thoroughly with soap and water. Do not dispose of any chemicals down the sink. Instead use the waste containers provided.NOTE The aspirin you will make is impure and must not be taken internally LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS AND DATA Be sure you make plenty of good qualitative observations, noting initial colors, odors, etc. , and any changes that occur during the experiment. Clearly label all numerical data. We will spend a particular over one kinfolk day on this lab. In the first day, you gather up to prepare and recrystallize your aspirin. If meter permits, you can also prepare the methyl salicylate. If not, this can wait until the second day when you will also take melting points of your crude and p urified aspirin samples.PROCEDURE Synthesis of aspirin. Weigh out approximately 2. 1 g of salicylic acid (record exact mass), and transfer it to a clean, dry 6 inch test tube. Use the dispenser to conservatively hyperkinetic syndrome 3 mL of acetic anhydride (density = 1. 08 g/mL) to the salicylic acid. Then add 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, H2 SO4 , to the reaction mixture (it acts as a catalyst and speeds up the reaction). Put the test tube in a beaker of boiling water in a hood and heat for five minutes aft(prenominal) most of the solid has dissolved. Stir the mixture with a glass rod to break up any lumps.Pour the contents of the test tube into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flaskful containing 25 mL of water. go the flask for a few minutes to mix the solutions and get rid of any unreacted acetic anhydride. (The acetic anhydride reacts with water to produce acetic acid. ) Place the flask in an ice clean and watch for a white solid to crystallize out. Occasionally a reaction will yield an oily product that resists crystallization. If that happens, scratch the bottom and sides of the flask with a glass stir rod to help start crystal formation, or warm the mixture just until the oil dissolves, and then re-cool.Allow 10 minutes for crystallization to occur. meanwhile put a wash bottle of distilled water in whatsoever ice and prepare a Buchner funnel. Filter the solid, being sure to use a trap flask in the midst of the Buchner funnel flask and the aspirator. Wash the solid with a small amount of cold distilled water. abjure the liquid filtrate in the designated waste container. Pre-weigh an empty watch glass, then scrape your aspirin product off the filter wallpaper onto the watch glass. Record this yield of crude aspirin. Use a bit of the solid product to transmit a melting point capillary tube to use the second week to find the melting point of your crude product.Recrystallization of the crude aspirin to form pure aspirin Put 15-20 mL of distilled water on a hot plate to begin warming. Dissolve your crude aspirin product in about 5 mL of 95% ethanol in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. If some of your aspirin fails to dissolve, do the following Prepare a warm water bath by development a beaker of water (about 50 mL in a 250 mL beaker), using a hot plate to heat the water bath. DO NOT USE A FLAME OR bunsen burner BURNER THE ETHANOL IS FLAMMABLE. Warm the Erlenmeyer flask containing the aspirin and ethanol in the warm water bath.When the aspirin has dissolved, add 15 mL of warm distilled water (50 o C approximately). If any crystals form at this point, heat up the mixture in the water bath to re-dissolve them. Let the solution cool slowly, with the mouth of the flask cover by a watch glass. When it is at room temperature, place it into the ice bath and leave it on that point a full ten minutes. After crystallization is complete, filter the crystals in a Buchner funnel, wash them with a little ice cold distilled water (put your squeeze bo ttle in the ice), and suction for several minutes. Discard the liquid filtrate in the designated waste container.Scrape the solid into a pre-weighed beaker and put in your drawer, lightly cover with a tissue. Do not cover it tightly because we want your product to finish drying until the next class period. You will take in to get a final mass of this purified aspirin after allowing it to dry for a day. You will also take a melting point of the purified aspirin. When finished with the experiment, place your aspirin product in a test tube and stopper it. Label the test tube with your name, the name of the compound, and the date. Your teacher will collect this product. Synthesis of methyl salicylate.Place 0. 5 g of salicylic acid and 3 mL of methyl alcohol in a large test tube. ply 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid and then place the test tube in the hood in a water bath at 70 o C for 15 minutes. The boiling point of methyl alcohol is 64. 6 o C, so point the mouth of the tube awa y from others and avoid overheating, to minimize bumping. Note the odor before and after heating. Allow your methyl salicylate to cool to room temperature, then stopper the test tube. Add a label with your name, the compound name, and the date. Your instructor will collect this product.Determination of the Melting Point of your aspirin. You should already have a capillary tube packed with your impure aspirin. Now pack a tube with your pure aspirin. Put your two tubes in the melting point apparatus and slowly heat your samples. Record the temperature at which each starts to melt and the temperature at which it has all melted. (Your instructor will give you more instruction on these procedures. ) RESULTS Calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin from the balanced equation given in the introduction. You will need to add up molar masses by counting the atoms shown in the structures.Be sure to determine the hold in reagent, either salicylic acid or acetic anhydride. You will need to us e acetic anhydrides density, 1. 08 g/mL. Show this work clearly in your report. Watch significant figures and units. Also report the masses of your crude and purified aspirin samples, and the percent yield of your final, purified aspirin. DISCUSSION Describe what your melting points say about the purity of your initial crude product and your recrystallized product. Pure aspirin has a melting point of 135o , while salicylic acid has a melting point of 157-159o .Impure compounds normally have lower melting points and broader melting ranges than if pure, even if the impurity would have a higher melting point itself. List all the compounds that could be mixed in with your aspirin product as impurities, i. e. all reactants, solvents, and other products. You should have six compounds besides aspirin. Briefly describe the credit of each compound. Considering factors such as limiting reagent (which you just calculated), and procedural steps which may have take away some of these compounds , which compound(s) do you think are most likely to contaminate your aspirin product? ExplainQUESTIONS 1. infrared frequency spectra are often used to get a quick anticipate at the purity of a product. IR spectra of aspirin, as well as the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride used to prepare it Selected Infrared Frequencies are shown below. Consult the structures of these three Absorption Range, cm-1 Bond Type compounds from the introduction. Recall from our experiment 3600-3200 (usually broad) on IR that different bonds show up at different frequencies in O H the IR spectrum. Prepare a listing for each compound, C H 3300-2800 showing bonds and their IR frequencies taken from the B H 2650-2300 spectra below.You need consider only those bonds listed in C ? N 2260-2220 the table at right. (It is hard to read the frequencies on the attached spectra accurately, so just approximate. The frequency values listed on the x-axis in the figures are 4000, 3000, 2000, 1500, and 1000 cm-1. ) 2. boldness at the IR spectra again. Assume that you ran an IR spectrum of your aspirin, but that it was contaminated with unreacted salicylic acid. At what frequency in the spectrum would you look for evidence of this contamination? Explain your reasoning. IR Spectrum of Aspirin (KBr pellet)IR Spectrum of Salicyclic Acid (KBr pellet) IR Spectrum of Acetic Anhydride (liquid thin film) 3. 1 H NMR spectra of salicyclic acid and aspirin are shown below. Note that both have small, broad peaks surface 11 ppm that were artificially enhanced to make them obvious on these spectra. The peaks around 7-8 ppm are all doublets, triplets, or messy multiplets the other peaks are singlets. How many types of H should be expected for each compound establish upon their structures? The two structures share many common features, and thus their spectra should be similar for these common features.Likewise, each structure has some unique type of hydrogen not found in the other. These should result in dif ferences between the spectra. By simply comparing the structures and the spectra, decide which hydrogens on the structures give rise to which peaks. You wont be able to assign all the peaks this way, but do as much as you can and beg off your reasoning. 4. The Merck Index is an extremely valuable reference that can be found in the Reference component part of the Fintel Library as well as several reading rooms on 5th bedeck Trexler.It is an especially good place to find basic breeding on organic compounds. Look up aspirin in The Merck Index. Summarize the information it gives about the solubility and decomposition of aspirin. Record the mutant repress and where you found this book. 5. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, often simply called The CRC, provides less information on each compound than The Merck Index does, but covers more inorganic compounds and includes hundreds of pages of other facts useful to chemists.In the CRC find the multipage table entitled sensible Constants of Organic Compounds. Within this table, find salicylic acid (some old editions may list it as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid). Record the information given about salicylic acids melting point, boiling point, and solubility. You will probably need to concern the listing of Symbols and Abbreviations given one or two pages in front of this huge table. Record the edition number of the book and where you found it.

Destroy Othello Essay

Iago feels that he was passed over for a promotion to deputy sheriff and resents Cassio, the new lieutenant. He also harbors a potential grudge against Othello, who promoted Cassio. Iago explains to Roderigo that Cassio was appointed despite the fact that deuce-ace important Venetians had asked Othello to promote Iago. Iago states I know my price, I am worth no worse a place (1. 1. 11), which shows that he felt that he deserved the promotion.He resents that he has fought alongside Othello several generation in battle, yet Cassio a mere counter-caster(1. 1. 31), who has never served in battle, was made lieutenant. He holds Othello responsible for his organism passed over, and mocks Othellos race and character. Iagos conduct reveals his malicious nature. His statement I am not what I am (1. 1. 65) summarizes the deceitfulness of his character. Iago suggests to the heartbroken Roderigo that he Call up her father, / Rouse him make after him, embitter his delight, / Proclaim him in th e streets (1. 1. 67-69). This shows Iagos vindictive nature.He suggests that Roderigo not only disturb Barbantio in the halfway of the night, but that he publicly announce that Desdemona has eloped, thus subjecting Barbantio and his family to shame. While calling out to Barbantio, Iago remains in the dark and does not reveal his identity. Here, as in the rest of the play, Iago acts an instigator, hidden in the shadows, yet dormant managing to manipulate those around him. In speaking to Barbantio, Iago insults him, and describes the relationship of Desdemona in derogatory and pornographic terms.After doing his trounce to make Barbantio panic, Iago returns to Othello and pretends to be loyal. However, he instructs Roderigo to tell Barbantio exactly where Desdemona and Othello can be found. Iagos conduct reveals his major power to control others, while they remain unaware of his influence. This is shown by the fact that he uses Roderigo to anger Barbantio, whom he uses to abate Ot hello. At this point, Barbantio and Othello are oblivious to Iagos devious nature. Iago callously betrays Othello but pretends to be loyal to him.

The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1

The increase Runner Chapter Review of register Aspects Chapter 1 It is December 2001, and our narrator, re hollos an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve geezerhood old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesnt say what happened, that says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by notice us round a call he accredited last summer from a friend in Pakistan, Rahim Khan. Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to witness him. When Amir gets glum the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now.He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects Narrative voice beginning(a) person narrative, I became what I am today Amir tells us a story nearly his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, I thought about something Rahim Khan verbalise. There is a way to be good again. it doesnt let the reader make a relationship with the early(a) character, as this chapter is all about Amir.Setting Introduces the channel almost straight away, I shed been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbolism of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is plot telling the story, like a pair of eyeball looking down on San Francisco. gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to fetch out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan.Structure the repetition of kites, saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. twin kites. real because it sticks in a readers brain as they try to work out how the kites whitethorn be signifi shtupt in the rest of the novel. Which they materialise out they are. Also twin kites can resuscitate to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their friendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his tone in a very short amo unt of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he cant purge in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. - it gives the reader an impression that there is a lot to find out about Amir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the fountain chapter makes us prying about what will happen next.The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1The Kite Runner Chapter Review of Narrative Aspects Chapter 1 It is December 2001, and our narrator, recalls an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve years old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesnt say what happened, but says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by telling us about a call he received last summer from a friend in P akistan, Rahim Khan. Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to see him. When Amir gets off the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now.He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects Narrative voice 1st person narrative, I became what I am today Amir tells us a story about his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, I thought about something Rahim Khan said. There is a way to be good again. it doesnt let the reader make a relationship with the other character, as this chapter is all about Amir.Setting Introduces the alley almost straight away, I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbol of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is while telling the story, like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco. gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to find out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan.Structure the repetition of kites, saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. twin kites. significant because it sticks in a readers brain as they try to work out how the kites may be significant in the rest of the novel. Which they find out they are. Also twin kites can refer to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their friendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his life in a very short amount of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he cant put in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. - it gives the reader an impression that there is a lot to find out about Am ir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the opening chapter makes us curious about what will happen next.

Fire Management Essay

I. INTRODUCTIONIn the early decades of the 20th century, The Philippine g everywherenment activity adopted a policy of aggressive rouse suppression. Professional flak catcherfighters were trained to detect and fight rears, and go off stations were built in strategic areas throughout our country. The aim of sex suppression is, first, to stop or slow down the rate of a set ups spread, and secondly, to put it out. there are iii components to any(prenominal) blast fuel, temperature, and oxygen which have become known as the shoot triangle. To suppress a dispatch, firefighters must break this triangle, by removing the combustible materials, by reducing its temperature, or by sm oppositeing it so that it has no oxygen.Suppressing fires became tump overably more effective after World War II and when virgin fire trucks, helicopters, smokejumpers, fire retardant clothes and new fire fighting strategies were introduced into the fight against fires. It seemed as if the raging i nfernos that had unmake property and terrorized people would become the gigantic disasters of the past, limited to sm tot each(prenominal)y outbreaks that could be quickly brought under restrict. It has been observe that when people hear fire or smoke alarms, their first response is typically to try to beat the sympathy for the alarm rather than at one time escaping or reporting a fire. In some situations, no one is display to hear an alarm or if they do hear it, they whitethorn choose to pretermit it entirely.If they realize it is a fire, they whitethorn try to fight it themselves, warn or assist others, or gather in belongings The type of building in which a fire alarm activates is a key mover in the way people respond. Typically, an alarm in a home leads to a very degenerate response by occupants while response to an alarm in public assembly occupancy could be expected to be slow. This suggests that source of call measures stratified by occupancy type would be instruc tive in examining total response clock time measures. elicit spread may also be affected by fire notification and dispatch. The more time it takes to notify the fire section, the more time fire has to spread. However, monitoring service may be more possible than individuals to report confined fires, since individuals are possible to put these minor fires out themselves. To make out this, the source of the call would have to be examined along with fire spread. Compared to all buildings, a building with an alarm monitoring system may be more likely to be equipped with an automatic fire detection and/or suppression system, which would increase the likelihood that a fire would be detected early or contained to the room of origin.The measure might be yet strengthened by examining the contribution of calls made by either individuals or alarm monitoring services by presence or absence of automatic suppression systems. In the matter Capital field with a population of 11.86 Million , it is where most of the biggest and disastrous fire transpired thus, effective and efficient firefighting is very essential. Unfortunately, the BFP firefighters were lack in proper somebodyal protective equipments and modern firefighting equipments which is very significant in carrying out their mandated tasks.II. RELATED ISSUES AND CONCERNSThere are several studies, some of which date back to the 1970s, that highlight important performance measures for fire departments to consider when evaluating workload, performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. There have been some key changes in fire codes since the 1970s. This can have an impact on measures of fire department performance. ack-ack gun detection and suppression equipment is now required in most new device. For the fire service, the desired fire surety outcomes which are not easily measured include fires prevented or suppressed, and ultimately the human life and property preserved. You cannot measure a course of instruc tion without first clearly identifying the finishings and adjudicate of that program, in other words the intend outcome. Goal statements are qualitative statements that typically generalize the think outcome of a program in words rather than numbers. This is the first step to evaluating performance. Once intended goals are established, the department must identify the functions or actions that are taken in order to make said goal.They must also consider available resources whether monetary, equipment, or person-hours. Why measure performance? Robert Behn points out, uncomplete the act of measuring performance nor the resulting info accomplishes anything itself only when someone uses these measures in some way do they accomplish something. Performance measures are the quantitative or numerical representation of activities and resources that help quantify whether the goal is met. The easiest and best way of applying quantitative performance measures to qualitative goal stateme nts is to specifically identify target rank or percentages for each goal. For example, one qualitative goal statement for the fire department might be to control fire spread upon arrival. The department could use the measure percentage of fires that did not spread beyond the area of origin after arrival of the fire department.When talking to public administrators and town officials, saying 88% of fires did not spread beyond the area of origin after fire department arrival doesnt really mean much without an identified target goal. Of course, ideally everyone wants 100% of fires confined to the area of origin, entirely it is not always the case. Realistic target goals should be set. Communities arent static they grow and change over time. Population size and characteristics can change. Building types and construction materials can change. A change in department policy (i.e., personnel department levels, followup frequency) can affect performance. The fire department should take al l of these issues into experimental condition and compare its own communitys characteristics and department policy over time.According to The Rand sunburn Project, any public service must be measured by its effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Effectiveness is concerned with the basic reason for providing the service. Measures of effectiveness determine how well a service does what it is supposed to do. To determine effectiveness, its important to bearing beyond immediate output and determine the associated consequences of that output. Efficiency is concerned with how well resources are used in providing the service. Efficiency measures are an economic criterion, most often associated with money. Equity is concerned with the relationship between those who give way and those who benefit. Equity measures look at the fairness in levels of service provided and citizen expectation (Chaiken and Ignall).III. constitution ISSUESThe Manila run off District (MFD) reaffirms five broad goals 1. Improve Fire/Emergency Response Operations2.1 Enhance the departments preparedness to respond to fires, emergencies, disasters and acts of terrorism. The Departments highest priority continues to be to enhance its operational contentedness to respond to fires, pre-hospital care emergencies, building collapses and hazardous materials accompanyings, as well as subjective disasters, terrorist acts and other emergencies.2.2 Fire Management Program2.3.1 Pre-Suppression2.3.2.1 Training All personnel shall receive training in first aid, fireline preventive, fire look and techniques and methods of fire suppression. This shall include periodic hands-on training with hand tools and equipment, as well as crew and fireline organization. Supervisors and fire management personnel need special training in fire control tactics to insure their competence when directing fire suppression operations. 2.3.2.2 Pre-attack preparedness is required at administrative Staff and Branch levels f or the gathering, coordinating and recording of intelligence, as well as the construction of certain fire control facilities, to insure the rapid and efficient suppression of fire on any given area.Pre-attack planning pass on include (a) Assess and map existing facilities, firelines and access route, which are judged to be important to the self-made control of fires. (b) Identify and propose adjunctal facilities, firelines, and other aids to fire control, including maintenance required. (c) An estimate of personnel, equipment, and other factors needed including other agency cooperators that will provide for safe and efficient fire control. (d) Identify natural and physical resources of special importance. (e) Construct and maintain new lines and facilities according to plan, by priority, as funds and time permit. (f) Keep pre-attack plans current to annual field checks and revisions.1.2.1.3. Equipment and Material Readiness(a) give acquire, account for, and maintain narrow down equipment and material used in support of fire control activities, such as telecommunications and computer equipment. (b) Will maintain firefighting equipment and material in safe condition and state of readiness. (c) Will maintain an adequate strain of equipment, material and supply.2.3.2 Suppression(a) The incident commander is responsible for all activities and operations on the fire. He may delegate more responsibility to assistants as organizational needs grow, but he is always the concluding authority and bears total responsibility. (b) Coordinate with Barangay and Volunteer Fire Brigades for immediate suppression of fire and other emergencies.2.3.3 demobilisation(a) Completion of all reports related to the fire. (b) Repair and maintenance of all equipment used on the fire and replenishment of items rendered unserviceable or expended. (c) Debriefing and critique will be conducted as appropriate. Important items of information gained will be incorporated in the final fire report.2. Improve Fire Prevention and Safety learning2.1 PreventionA major responsibility for every Branch is to keep the community informed on the need for sound fire protection. Prevention of fire is a continuous effort. Fire is an ever present danger, and, to be effective, fire prevention must be constantly practiced. Each fire prevention program should analyze the common cause of fire, identify fire hazards and endangerments existing in the protection area, and propose measures to funk the threats of fire and fire damage. Branch fire prevention strategies shall include the following(a) Tri-Media and websites.(b) Talks to schools, civic organizations, etc.(c) Public notices/news releases declaring high fire danger periods.(d) Posting of fire prevention/high fire danger warning signs and posters.The new Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) went into effect December 2008 as part of the sphere continued commitment to ensure public base hit. The Manila Fire District remains v igilant in its mission to protect lives and property through surveillances and enforcement. The Departments approach represents a continuum of services that includes an depart of prevention, inspection, investigation and educational activities and programs. The Fire Department will continue to break out fire prevention, inspection and educational programs to make communities safer and dramatize its efforts to implement a risk-based inspection program.Guided by the RA 9514, MFD is undertaking a comprehensive revaluation of its fire prevention and fire suppression efforts. The aim is to better assess and value fire and hazard risk in the community in terms of the possibility of loss or injury and assign defined, quantifiable values of risk and hazards. The Department will identify and analyze risk by adopting a sound, scientific approach and, through the use of state-of-the-art technology, integrate selective information array and dissemination of critical information to the fi eld. The end result will be to modify current direct standards and improve prevention and suppression response, accordingly.The first of these efforts is to research and modify its inspection programs, as follows i. Establish a risk-based inspection program that will enable the MFD to focus its fire prevention resources on the buildings and hazards in neighborhoods confront the greatest risk of a serious fire, hazmat incident or other large-scale sine qua non. ii. Develop criteria for risk-based assessments of buildings, sites, hazards, construction and demolition and create a risk-based inspection programing system. iii. Develop improved workflows and business dishes for risk-based inspections, data collection, data retrieval and analysis using information from various other City agencies.The MFD provides educational seminars and on-site inspection to Building Owners and occupants too ensure compliance. The MFD will i. Notify the owner/occupants of building or structure regard ing increase enforcement through the issuance of violations and court summons for failure to comply with the law. ii. Utilize a Task superpower to supplement enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines. iii. Ensure drills are scheduled and held at each site for confederation by commercial high-rise building tenants. iv. Develop criteria for risk-based assessments of buildings, sites, hazards, construction and demolition and create a risk-based inspection scheduling system.3. Enhance the Health and Safety of MFD MembersThe Department is committed to improving the guard duty and well-being of all MFD emergency responders. MFD has emphasized a renewed effort to improve operational safety management and behavior through heightened hazard-risk awareness, an emphasis on injury prevention and by intensely promoting among all members the importance of safety each and every day to prevent injuries or fatalities.The MFD through its Emergency medical exam Services, is in the process of designing, piloting and implementing various shake offs to meet the needs of the Fire and EMS workforce.The goal of the program is to improve the way in which safety is managed within the fire service and direct management efforts at critical safety-related behaviors, resulting in a change in members attitudes, values and beliefs about safety. The EMS program and its safety message aims 3.1 To reach all BFP personnel who are required to adhere to an annual medical appointment. The program content incorporates accident data and ambulance driver profiles, identifies road hazards and reviews safety operating procedures and protocols to ensure the safety of personnel.3.2 Further promote operational safety management and behavior by reinforcing the FDNY safety culture. 3.3 Participate in a national, multi-year academic research project to assume a world-class safety management system within MFD for members of the Fire and Emergency Medical Service. 3.4 Promote Critical possibility St ress Management through peer debriefing sessions for all emergency responders at an incident site.4. Strengthen Management and organizational DevelopmentPromote organizational effectiveness and develop leadership capabilities. The MFD continues to strengthen its management capabilities by providing current opportunities for additional training, the refinement of performance management methods and change magnitude access to comprehensive analytical reports and data.Fire Departments respond to a wide range of emergency incidents. This guidepost identifies standard operating guidelines that can be employed in establishing command. The system provides for the effective management of personnel and resources providing for the safety and welfare of personnel. It also establishes guidelines for the implementation of all components of ICS for structural/fire operations. affirmation Guidelines are designed to4.1.Fix the responsibility for command on a specific individual through a standa rd assignment system, depending on the arrival sequence of members, companies, and chief officers. 4.2. Ensure that a strong, direct, and visible command will be established from the onset of the incident. 4.3. Establish an effective incident organization defining the activities and responsibilities assigned to the Incident commander and to other individuals operating within ICS. 4.4. Provide a system to process information to support incident management, planning, and decision making.The Incident commandant is responsible for the completion of the tactical priorities. The tactical priorities are a. Remove menace occupants and treat the injured. b. Stabilize the incident and provide for life safety. c. Conserve property.d. Provide for the safety, accountability, and welfare of personnel. This priority is ongoing throughout the incident.ICS is used to facilitate the completion of the tactical priorities. The INCIDENT COMMANDER is the person who drives ICS towards that end. The In cident Commander is responsible for building an ICS organization that matches the organizational needs of the incident to achieve the completion of the tactical priorities for the incident. The Functions of Command define standard activities that are performed by the Incident Commander to achieve the tactical priorities. 5. Increase conversionContinue to advance and support initiatives in the recruitment, retention and promotional advancement of men and women of diverse backgrounds in the fire protection and emergency medical service. A top priority of the Department is to continue to diffuse its successful efforts to diversify its uniformed workforce through its Recruitment Unit and various recruitment programs. The percentage of young men and women of diverse backgrounds entering the Fire Academy has been increasing steadily. The Departments latest recruitment campaign was tremendously successful. The Department will continue targeted recruitment for future Firefighter graciou s Service examinations that focuses on recruiting young men and women of diverse backgrounds. Department will (1) Continue ongoing, year-round outreach for EMS recruitment. (2) go through a Physical Preparation Program for EMS candidates called to take the Physical Agility Test (PAT). (3) Continue to expand outreach and mentoring efforts in diverse communities throughout the City and increase the visibility of career opportunities in firefighting and EMS.IV. ALTERNATIVE POLICY MEASURESA. Continue to research, pilot and expand the use of new and innovative firefighting techniques to enhance operational tactics, response and Incident Command. B. Enhance coordination with other NGOs and Volunteer Fire Brigades for new and modernized fire fighting methods. C. Enhance and develop additional fire prevention and educational outreach programs to make communities safer. D. Implement a risk-based priority inspection scheduling system and wireless handheld tools to automate field inspections. E. Implement the review and approval of Emergency do Plans (EAPs) for commercial high-rise buildings. The MFD must establish an EAP Unit within the Bureau of Fire Prevention to review and approve plans submitted by commercial building owners in compliance with RA 9514. F. Continue to improve on-scene safety for Fire/EMS responders by developing additional scene safety initiatives, including conducting an Fire/EMS hazard assessment Department-wide peck and establishing a Hazard Assessment Committee.V. CONCLUSIONCalls to fire departments can come in from many avenues. The intravenous feeding major response types include fire incident calls, EMS calls, HazMat calls, and other calls such as service calls, or false alarms. Individuals and alarm monitoring services are the major sources for calls to fire departments. The fire department has no direct involvement in how quickly a fire is discovered once it starts and how promptly the fire is reported once it has been discovered. In the best case scenario, someone notices a fire when it starts and reports the fire immediately after evacuating, but this does not always happen. Fire departments may arrive to several different scenarios at a fire scene. Fire scene scenarios include fire extinguished before arrival of firefighters, fire contained to the room of origin before or after arrival of firefighters, or fire spread beyond room of origin before or after arrival of firefighters. In some scenarios, a person may need to be rescued from a building or fire scene.There may also be fatalities or injured victims on scene who require medical aid. The purpose of this to identify the top priorities of the Department, describe significant strategic management initiatives and future actions. This Policy is seeks to provide the public, Department and its members with a clear framework for the future to work together with its many partners to ensure the delivery of, fire protection and other emergency care, investigation, ins pection and preventive and educational services that the citizens and visitors to People have a decline to expect.The initiatives contained in this Policy will require consultation with and support from other local government units, as well as the private sector and the Citys relevant labor organizations. In addition to the new objectives outlined, the MFD will continue to monitor the progress and completion of those key objectives The MFD is dedicated to its mission and amount values and to serve and protect the City of Manila. This Policy represents the commitment to respond to emergencies and simultaneously provides an opportunity to evaluate its core services and set new standards as an organization to meet its future challenges.REFERENCESNational Fire Protection AssociationFire Code of the Philippines, RA 9514Ahrens, M., Smoke Alarms in U.S. Home Fires, NFPA Division of Fire outline and Research, July 2009. Ammons, D., Municipal Benchmarks Assessing Local Performance and Est ablishing Community Standards, Sage Publications, Second Edition, 2001. Chaiken, W., Ignall, E., Fire Department Deployment Analysis A Public Policy Analysis Case Stud, The Rand Fire Project, A Rand Corporation Research Study, 1979. Cline, D., Organizational Benchmarking and Performance Evaluation, NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 20th edition, Volume II, Chapter 12.2, 2008. Hall, J.R. Jr., Flynn, J., Grant, C. Measuring Code Compliance Effectiveness for Fire-Related Portions of Codes, the National Fire Protection Association and Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008.