Influence to the Indian populace Essay Example for Free

Influence to the Indian populace EssayHis influence to the Indian populace was so great that when he met an accident while filming the movie, Coolie, the entirely nation prayed for his recovery. There was too a great number of Indians who donated blood for the actor. During the taping for the movie, Bachchan wanted a scene to be trustworthyistic so he suggested how the punch should be undertaken unfortunately, the acting got so intense that he ended up in pain. For several days, the doctors cannot find the source of Bachchans hurt, until one day, a doctor was able to detect a dark spot on his intestine. The dark spot was his undigested when the punch in his abdomen was made. After 72 hours of pain, the undigested food could have turned into poison (Mishra 142-143). His intestine was also ruptured as a result of his f totally on the steel table after(prenominal) the punch administered by the stuntman (Chopra n. pag. ) The doctors opted for an immediate operation, however, whi le he was in the operating table, he lost signs of life. He was declared clinically dead until his wife, Jaya shouted that he saw him move his toe.After this remarkable statement of his wife, the doctors were able to revive him (Mishra 142-143). Throughout the period that he was in the hospital, his supporters speculated that the punch that he received was real and intentionalthat it was meant to hurt him. However, no proof was established to back up the claim. After the recovery, Bachchan continued filming the movie to where he left off. He also thanked those who offered prayers for his recovery and the support that the entire nation devoted to him. To date, he is the only movie actor who received such sympathy.People from all walks of life showed all the support they can give and it was as if life in India stopped for Bachchan. Life only returned to its normal shape when it was declared that he is already safety (Mishra 142-143) Aside from acting, Bachchan also tried his luck in politics after he was swayed by his friend Rajiv Gandhi, whose mother was assassinated and won by sympathy vote. Bachchan was elected to a Parliamentary seat, however, this prestigious position did not prove beneficial to him as his name was included to a political controversy. Bachchan, his brother and Rajiv were incriminate with bribery.It was rumored that the Boffors company bribed Indian politicians to ensure that the government will buy tanks and other military equipment from them (Mishra 144). This hullabaloo seriously injured the name that Bachchan was able to established through and through time so he decided to quit politics two days after he first explored it. After his flop in the case of politics, Bachchan returned to his first lovefilm making. Bachchan is well loved by the Indians and his acting widely accepted, however, these love and acceptance were not enough to keep his star blaze after the political controversy he set about.Mishra, however, points out that hi s breakdown in politics is not the direct cause of his collapse as a star. however like the period when he started his sensational career as an actor, the people then were looking for variety, for roughthing new to watch, the Indians also felt this way at some point when Bachchan was the king of the charts. The people were worn-out with the constant revenge and anger theme in his movies and were looking for something newfor a new approach in movies. This was the time when the need to revive Romanticism was felt.The revival of romance in the films brought back the idea of a character and once again motivation replaced generic predictability, something which Bachchan turned his back on (Mishra 138). For Bombay cinema to survive, the romantic twist had to return. And so, as Bachchans star waned, romance returned (Mishra 138). After his political stint and cinema flops, Bachchan shifted his wariness to a new venture. He created a multi-faceted commercial enterprise known as the Amita bh Bachchan Corporation Limited or ABCL.The company delved in production and dissemination of films and other ventures that involved the movie industry. For sometime, the company enjoyed success in producing movies and even catered the Miss World pageant in India in 1996. However, in its latter years, it faced so many debts that it reached bankruptcy (Indiaoye). His failure both in the political and business worlds, prompted him to go back to where he established his namethe entertainment industry. At 55, he filmed his comeback movie, Mrityutada.It was not as successful as his previous movies but it was enough to sustain him in the entertainment field. Two years after his comeback film, he was named in a BBC poll as the Superstar of the Millennium. This title placed him in equal footing with Sir Lawrence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin and Marlon Brando. Aside from this, he is also the first Asian actor to be included in Madame Tassauds wax museum (hindi lyrix n. pag. ). According to Mish ra, Bachchans success in his career is not only because of his talent in acting but also because of his skill in building his image outside the theater houses.The author suggests three stages in the life of Bachchan that moulded his image as an actor. First is his coitionship with his leading ladies, particularly Rekha. Rekha, the daughter of the Hindi actor Ganeshan, is a tall and good looking woman who exhibited real acting talent. She was one of the few actors then who brought real sense of character to the films. She was suspected by journalists to have established a romantic relation with Bachchan and this suspected relationship was extensively documented in the fanzines.Mishra suggests that this added to the growth of the quietly sanctioned counternarrative by the actor himself. However, Bachchan imposed censorship when journalists began to pester him (Mishra 140). The affair of Rekha and Bachchan was reform revealed in the movie Silsila (Continuity, 1981). In this movie th e actors showed what they could not reveal in real lifedepicting the love triangle that exists between Jaya, the wife Bachchan, the married man and Rekha, the mistress (Mishra 141).

Discovering Our Identity Is Both Challenging And Ongoing Essay Example for Free

Discovering Our Identity Is Both Challenging And Ongoing EssayFinding ourselves can be a described as a difficult and neer ending process. People can unearth new aspects of their identities every day, from new visits and carve upaking in different activities with different people. An individual can spend their whole lives searching for answers some themselves and well-nigh their life. as yet, for some people, their identity comes more naturally. Discovering our identity come from learning close our heritage, engaging with different people who shape and mould us as individuals and our religion. Examples of this are displayed constantly in our world, on personal, local and global levels.Learning about our heritage can be crucial in discovering our identity. Our market-gardening and genetics makes up such a big part of who we are as valet beings. With so some(prenominal) contrasting and unique cultures in this world, uncovering more about our own culture can be very eye o pening, and attend shape who we become as people. Two of my cousins were adopted from Korea. Although they fit in with the Australian culture very well and identify as being Australian, a very strong part of them is still connected to Korea. They call themselves Kozzies, and often joke about their Asian-Australian upbringing. Their parents recently took them on a holiday to Seoul, which is where they were both born. This experience was very enlightening for them, and taught them so much about themselves as people. This is an example of how discovering more about our cultural background can aid us in uncovering aspects of our identity. Although they believe they dont belong in Korea, their interest in the Korean culture is still very strong, and they both want to reach to unearth more about their genetics, and biological family.Interacting with different people can be a major contributant to our learning about our own identity. Generally human race tend to surround themselves with like minded people. However, when an individual finds themselves in a different environment with contrasting personalities, they substantiate to adjust accordingly. This may include ever-changing aspects of themselves. In Wildcat Falling, the protagonist meets a woman called June, who is studying psychology at University. It is clear that both Wildcat and June come from opposite socioeconomic groups and have very diverse lifestyles. However, Wildcatengages with June, and although he appears dismissive and uncaring, he is generally stimulated by their conversation. done this interaction, Wildcat discovers that perhaps he could be evoke in leading a different lifestyle to his criminal past. Similarly, in life, people discover new things about themselves constantly through interaction with others. Through conversation and association with other people, our views and values can change. On a local level, debate about same-sex marriage has sparked controversy in our society. The nation al intelligence on equality has get under ones skind divides between many people and calls for ethical decisions to be made. Through debates with others and general conversation, we can learn more about ourselves, and our values, which make up a very large part of our identity.Our identity can be impacted and shaped around our religion. Around the world there are many people who identify with contrasting and diverse religions. These religions can provide a comfort to people and act as a personal manner to bring communities together. However they can in addition be the cause of conflict between groups of people. Many wars have been fought over religion and many religious extremists can be the cause of political controversy. In investing oneself to a religion, many people find a satisfaction because they feel part of something.They feel like they a part of a community, of something bigger than themselves. devotion is a world wide practice, and it through learning and developing d eep connections to their religion, people can discover parts of themselves they never knew existed. Some people dont yet believe in anything, and are still searching for answers about the earth, and universe. In doing this, they are learning about themselves and their beliefs. Sometimes it can be difficult to commit to a religion. Because people believe in some aspects of it, but disagree with others. Thus, our opinions are formulated, which in deform help to shape parts of our individuality.With the vast amount of individuals occupying this earth at anyone time, it is impossible for us to be completely individual. From birth be are programed to be a particular way. Due to our genetics and our culture, we are destined to have particular features, and be predisposed to havespecific diseases. As we grow up, our culture can have a very profound frame on our identity. It can effect our whole mentality and the way we behave. Our identity can also be said to be comprised of the personal ities of the many people who have influenced us throughout our life. These people in some way or another, have had an effect on us. This could have changed a small or large part of our identity. Our religious practices can have a profound effect on our identity. Religion can either play a small or large part on our lives, however it is always influencing us in one way or another, whether it be our own religion, or the actions of others due to religion, we are always concocting opinions on it.

Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana

Impact of Janani Suraksha YojanaIMPACT OF JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA ON INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY AND INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN KARANATAKAMamatha K.GAbstractThe Government of India launched the topic Rural Health Mission (NRHM) brinyly to strengthen health services in the rural argonas. It seeks to provide effective health mete out to the rural cosmos by improving access, enabling community ownership, strengthening public health systems, enhancing responsibility and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2005). Under the NRHM, there is a item scheme, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objective of JSY scheme is reducing Maternal deathrate locate (MMR) and child Mortality stride (IMR) by encouraging institutional deliveries, particularly in Below Poverty Line families. The paper intends to find out the violation of Janani Suraksha Yojana on institutional delivery and sister Mortality rate. The results show that be fore carrying out of JSY the rate of institutional delivery was less and IMR was high. But afterwards the effectuation of JSY the recite of institutional deliveries has increased and infant deathrate rate has minify signifi tramptly. Finally, it can be concluded that NRHM launched by Government of India holds great hopes and promises to serve the deprived undeserved communities of rural areas. If Government improves the sentiency on Janani Suraksha Yojana then there is no doubt that Karnataka can increase its institutional delivery and reduce infant mortality rate.Key spoken communication institutional Delivery, Infant Mortality Rate, Janani Suraksha Yojana and Karnataka.IntroductionEvery big(predicate) charr hopes for a healthy baby and an uncomplicated pregnancy. However, every day about 1500 women and adolescent girls die from problem related to pregnancy and childbirth. Every year, some 10 million women and adolescent girls experience complications during pregnancy, many of which leave them their children with infections and several disabilities (G.R Jayashree).Pregnant women die in India due to a combination of important factors like, poverty, ineffective or unaffordable health services, lack of political, managerial and administrative will. All this culminates in a high proportion of home deliveries by unskilled relatives and delays in seeking care and this in turn adds to the maternal mortality ratios. The institutional delivery plays major role in reducing MMR and IMR. In India, while 77 per centum of pregnant women receive some form of antenatal check-up, only 41 percent deliver in an institution. Even though all services are still only 13 percent of the lowest income quintile delivers in a hospital.As per sample registration system 2005, IMR in India was 58 and institutional delivery was 38.7 whereas in Karnataka IMR was 50 per 1000 live births and institutional delivery was 60 (SRS 2001-2003 and NRHM writ of execution Plan 2011-12).In dev eloping countries like India, the health care services are not equally distri yeted. The organizational structure requires a concern particularly with the maternal health. The Government of India has been implementing various programmes from time to time to tackle these issues. It launched the Reproductive and electric razor Health (RCH) programme in 1997, which aimed at universalising immunization, ante-natal care and skilled attendance during delivery. Reduction of maternal mortality was an important goal of RCH-II that was launched in 2005. One of the main interventions was to provide emergency obstetric care at the first referral unit. Incentives were also addicted to staff to encourage round the clock obstetric services at health facilities (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2008).Later in 2005, the Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) chiefly to strengthen health services in the rural areas. It seeks to provide effective health care to the rural population by improving access, enabling community ownership, strengthening public health systems, enhancing accountability and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare, 2005). Under the NRHM, there is a specific scheme the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objectives of JSY scheme were reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by encouraging institutional deliveries, particularly in Below Poverty Line families. Under this scheme cash in incentives are given to women who opt for institutional deliveries and also to the local health functionary ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists) who motivates the family for institutional delivery and helps them in obtaining ante-natal and post-natal services. As of today, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a largest conditional cash transfer programme in the world, with the number of beneficiaries increasing from a mere 7 lakh in 2005-06 to alm ost 92 lakh in 2009-10. look into of LiteratureA Rapid Appraisal on public presentation of Janani Suraksha Yojana in South Orissa undertaken by Nandan (2008) reviewed the operational mechanism and usage status of JSY Scheme, reasons for non usage, perception and awareness of beneficiary and non beneficiary mothers and the involvement of ASHAs, ANMs along with district and block officers in the implementation of JSY.The study on Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner soil by Kumari(2009) revealed that some essential advantages perceived by the beneficiaries of JSY were safe delivery at PHCs and CHCs, helpful in population control, payment of Rs. 1400 to the mother (in rural areas) after delivery, full security measure after delivery etc. Whereas, last but not least advantages expressed by the beneficiaries were testing of salt sample for protection from Gulgund, availability of water, bed and electricity etc. at PHCs.The study on I mpact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh by Khan et.al (2010) informs that Janani SurakshaYojana is a monetary incentives and non-incentivized services and counseling by the ASHA have increased Client-provider contact, the percentage of women receiving three ANC check-ups. This study briefly explores extent to which the JSY has succeeded in achieving its goal or promoting overbearing family health behaviors that have a material bearing on maternal and neonatal mortality.Ambrish (2010) in his study Effect of Mortality Incentives on Institutional Deliveries leaven the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India observed that the scheme has been in operation only for 5 years and the sample covers only the first three of these years. Hence, the paper captures only the short impact of the scheme. The short-term result indicates the JSY is indeed making a difference. Even though the JSY seems to have a positive impact on the institutional deliverie s, its impact on maternal and neo-natal mortality is minimum.Mutharayappa (2010) revealed that institutional deliveries have increased, along with knowledge of family planning methods and utilization of government health services. These are encouraging sign. Promoting of institutional deliveries grapher to be sustained in order to reduce pre natal and neo- natal mortality rates.The study on Missed Opportunities of Janani Suraksha Yojana Benefits among the Beneficiaries in spend Areas by Wadgave et.al (2011) mainly focused on main reasons of missed opportunities of JSY avails among the beneficiaries. Out of 3212 women 360 (11.20) were eligible for getting the benefits of Janani Suraksha Yojana. Among the 360 only 118 (32.78) women got the benefit of JSY while, 242 (62.22) missed the opportunity of getting JSY benefits due to lack of JSY information, bar in getting the documents fulfilled and not filling the form at proper time were three common reasons in not getting the benefit of JSY. The percentage of beneficiaries was more in receiving ANC care delivery done in Government hospitals.Dilip et.al (2012) in their study Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of west Bengal in 2009 reported that inadequacy of fund and delayed payments of financial benefits lead to low coverage of JSY. Institutional delivery has increased with decreasing in Infant Mortality Rate after implementation of JSY.Objectives of the psychoanalyzeThe acquaint study has the following objectivesTo Study the impact of JSY on institutional delivery rate in Karnataka.To Study the impact of JSY on infant mortality rate in Karnataka.Hypotheses of the StudyThe following hypotheses have been testedJanani Suraksha Yojana has significantly increased the number of institutional deliveries and reduced the infant mortality rate in Karnataka.There is significant relationship between Institutional deliveries and IMR rate in Karnataka.MethodologyKeeping the object ives in the mind, the present study employs various statistical and econometrics tools like table, graph, Paired t test and Correlation co-efficient.Sources of dataThe secondary data is collected from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare statistical Report, RCH Second Implementation Plan, NRHM Operational Guideline, NRHM Annual Reports, Karnataka State Report on NRHM 2005, Karnataka Human Development Reports 2005, SRS Bulletin, WHO Reports, Five Year Plan Documents, Word Bank Reports and census Reports.Results and DiscussionTable.1 Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010NRHM Programme Implementation Plan for 2010-2011 Vidhana Soudhahttp//stg2.kar.nic.in/healthnew/nrhm/PDF/PIP 2010-11.pdfChart.1 Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010From the table and chart Table.1 Chart 1, it is clear that Institutional Delivery Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2010. Before implementation of JSY, institutional delivery rate was 60 percent in 2005 but after implementat ion of JSY which increased 63 percent to 91.3 percent in 2006 to 2010.Table.2 Paired Sample T Test on Institutional Delivery Rate in KarnatakaOn the basis of analysis conducted by using paired sample T test, there is a significant difference in the number of institutional deliveries. Further, it pointed out that after implementation of JSY scheme a significant increase was observed in institutional delivery rate in Karnataka.Table.3 Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012Source SRS Bultain 2012 and Databook for DCH 10th March, 2014 IMR (*2011, 2012)Chart.2 Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012From the table and chart Table.3 chart.2, it is clear that Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2012. The infant mortality rate of Karnataka was 58 per 1000 live birth as per the censuses in 2001, out of which 69 percent were rural areas and 27 percent were urban areas. Keeping pace with the national average, Karnataka recorded a sharp decline in the infant mort ality rate from 50 percent in 2005 to 32 percent in 2012. It means before implementation of JSY infant mortality rate was high and after implementation of JSY infant mortality rate has declined significantly.Table .4 Paired Sample T Test on Infant Mortality Rate in KarnatakaOn the basis of analysis conducted by using paired sample T test, it indicates that the IMR rate was 52.80 before implementation of JSY and it has decreased to 43.80 percent after implementation of JSY. Overall, the decreased rate of IMR was 9.00. The t statistic is significant at 1% (df 5, t 10.06, sig.0.001) level. Hence the null-hypothesis of no difference is rejected and alternative hypothesis of significant difference is accepted.Table.5 Correlation between Institutional Delivers and IMR probative negative correlation has observed between Institutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. Where the correlation of -.971 was found to be significant at .001 level. In other words with an increase in the Institu tional Delivery the IMR rates have been reduced.Findings of the StudyBefore implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana institutional delivery rate was less and IMR rate was high. aft(prenominal) implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana has helped to increase the rate of institutional delivery and reduce the rate of infant mortality significantly.Significant negative correlation has observed between Institutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. In other words with an increase in the Institutional Delivery and the IMR rates have been reduced.ConclusionThe result of the formative study clearly indicates that Janani Suraksha Yojana has increased the institutional deliveries in India and Karnataka. It found that institutional deliveries have increased and IMR has been reduced after implementation of JSY. Does, it can be conclude that if the implementation process is strengthened, quality improved and programme is effectively monitored, the institutional deliveries will increases in f uture their by helps in reducing the IMR rate. Further it will helps to full fill the commitment made towards IMR under Millen Development Goals.ReferencesAmbrish Dongre, (2010 Effect of Mortality Incentives on Institutional Deliveries Evidence the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India, SSRN Publication, 1-27, New Delhi.Basic Indicators Health post in South East Asia. World Health Organization, South East Asia region, Community journal 2004 56-2-3.Dilip K Mandal,Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj u Murhekar, (2012) Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of West Bengal in 2009, Biomed Central the Open Access Publisher.Khan.M.E. Ashok kumar. Health Status of Women in India Evidence from National Health Survey.2010 August vol 61-21.Khan M.E, Avishek Hazra, and Isha bhatnagar, (2010) Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh, Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 56, New Delhi, 9-21.Kumari Vinod, Dhawan Deepali Singh, Arc hana Raj, (2009) Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner District, Journal of Dairying food and Home Scinces,Vol,28 issues 3and 4.Mutharayappa, R., 2010, Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in Hassan District Karnataka. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 71(2)167-180.Nandan Devadasan, Maya Annie Elias, Denny Jhon Shishir Grahacharya and Lalnuntlangi Ralte, (2008), A Conditional Cash Assistant Programme for Promoting Institutional deliveries among the Poor in India Process military rating Results, International Journal of Commerce, Economics and Management, Vol. No.2.Nandan (2008),A Rapid Appraisal on Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in South Orissa, Indian journal of Community Medicine, Oct-Dec 35(4), 453-454.Operational Guidelines for Implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana.Parul Sharma, Jayanti Seemwal, Surekha Kishore, (2011) A Comparative Study of Utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojana in Rural Areas and Urban Slums, Indian journal of community Health, Vol.22, No.2, vol.23, No1.Wadgave Hanmath Vishwanath, Gajanan M JettiUpendra, Tannu (2011) Missed Opportunities of Janani Suraksha Yojana Benefit among the Beneficiaries in Slum Areas, National journal of Community Medicine, Vol, 2 and Issues1.

Advantages Of The Issues Of Bonus Shares Finance Essay

Advantages Of The depicted objects Of Bonus Shares Finance EssayThe term aid issue also called as stock dividend means an extra dividend paid to handleholders in a caller-up from additional profits. When large fund gets accumulated out of profits of a company much beyond its expectations and needs, the companys directors may decide to share out a part of it among the existent shareholders of company in the form of bonus. Bonus provide be paid in two forms either in cash or in form of shares. The company throws cash bonus when it gains large amount of profits as well as cash to pay dividend. But many a times, it happens that a company is not in a position to pay bonus in cash though it has decorous amounts of profits because of poor cash position or because of its unfavorable effects on the working capital of the company. In such(prenominal) a situation, the company pays a bonus to its shareholders in the form of shares a free share thus issued is known as a bonus share.A bonus share is a free share of stock given to current/existing shareholders in a company, based upon the number of shares that the shareholder already owns at the time of resolution of the bonus. The important point here is, that the issue of bonus shares that increases the total number of shares issued and owned, but it does affect the value of the company at all.Certain classes of shares only are allowed to bonus issues and it depends on the constitutional documents of respected company.Bonus share is free share in fixed ratio to the shareholders. For example ABC ltd. issues bonus share in 11 ratio where the dividend is 20% and Rs.10.00 as showcase value dividend/share this means that the company will be full-grown Rs. 2 of dividend per share and with bonus share it goes double i.e. Rs. 4 as mavin free share is given to shareholder based upon the number of shares he/she already has.Sometimes a company may change the number of shares in issue by capitalizing its reserve. In other w ords, it can convert the aright of the shareholders because each individual will hold the same proportion of the outstanding shares as before. Main reason for issuance is the price of the existing share has shape unwieldy.Advantages of issue of bonus sharesTo the companyConservation of CashIn issuing bonus shares, cash outflow is not at all involved. The company can retain earnings as well as satisfy the desire of the shareholders to receive dividend.Keeps the EPS at a reasonable levelCompany may face problems having high earning per share both from employees and consumers. Employees may feel that they are underpaid. While consumers may feel that they are being charged too high for the companys products.Issue of bonus shares increases the number of shares and reduces the earning per share.Increases the marketability of companys sharesIssue of bonus shares reduces the market price per share.Enhances prestige of the companyBy issuing bonus shares, the company increases its credit st anding and its borrowing capacity. It reflects financial strength of the company.It helps in financing its projectsBy issuing bonus shares, the expansion and other projects of a company can be easily financed. The company need not depend on outside agencies for finances.To the ShareholdersTax benefitsWhen a shareholder receives dividend in cash, it adds to his total income and is evaluateed at usual income tax invests.Indication of high future profitsIssue of bonus shares is generally an indication of higher future profits.Increase in future dividendThe shareholder will get more(prenominal) dividends in the future even if the company continues to offer existing cash dividend per share.High psychological valueIssue of bonus shares is usually perceived positively by the market.Limitations of Bonus IssuesFor the companyAfter the issue of the bonus shares the shareholders expectation of increment in the existing rate of dividend per share continues. It becomes really a challenging task for the company to retain the existing rate of dividend per share.Issue of bonus shares prevents new investors from becoming the shareholders of the company.For shareholdersSome shareholders may prefer cash dividend to stock dividend, such shareholders may feel disappointed (no doubt they can very well sell their bonus shares and get their money).Dividend Tax Policy in IndiaBefore 1997 in India, dividends were taxed in hands of the shareholders. They used to disclose the dividend income under the head Income from Other Sources and then used to pay tax on dividend at a rate that depended on their individual tax bracket.After 1997, Government of India introduced the dividend distribution tax, according to which, when company announces dividends, it also pays the dividend distribution tax directly to the Government of India. Therefore, shareholders do not have to pay any tax they receive.The Finance Act, 1997 introduced the dividend distribution tax for the first time in India and under this system, companies used to pay dividend distribution tax directly at the rate of 10%. Here, this act benefited to those shareholders who fell in the higher than 10% tax bracket.The 2002-03 Budget reverted back to the earlier system for one year where dividends were again taxed in hands of shareholders. However, the 2003-04 Budget reintroduced the dividend distribution tax rate in India but at a higher rate of 12.5% accession surcharges. And currently the effective dividend distribution tax rate in India is 16.609%.

Effects of Yoga on Weight Loss

Effects of Yoga on Weight LossAustina BurtonAbstractFor this single-system research design, the main finis was to lose it the effect a 35 day intervention of doing yoga had on cargo loss in a college pupil. A unsalted, single tweed female student participated in yoga every day, for 35 days, for 60 minutes each time. A baseline was documented everyplace 15 days, and the intervention was documented over 35 days. Her exercising weight down was recorded every five days between seven oclock and nine oclock in the morning. At the set aside of the 35th day, the actor showed an increased weight loss of 7 pounds. The results suggest that doing yoga can have positive effects on weight loss. These results are agreeable with prior studies however those studies included other factors that could influence weight change into their research, whereas this carry focused solely on yoga as the main intervention.Effects of Yoga on Weight LossResearch suggests that obesity grade in the Unite d States have more than doubled in the past fifty years, with 32.2% of adults considered weighty in 2004 (Ogden et al., 2006 Flegal et al., 2002). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, or most commonly referred to as the CDC, has imbed that obesity is becoming more common, serious, and costly. Currently, more than one-third of U.S. adults are obese (Adult, 2014). That is 34.9% or 78.6 million race. Rates of backbreaking and obesity appear to be increasing most dramatically among young adults, the 18-to-29-year- overage age group. To be more detailed, the directs went from 7.1% in 1991, to 12.1% in 1998. With those having some college education, they demonstrated even greater increases in overweight and obesity (Mokdad et al., 1999).A young Caucasian woman, currently in her second-year year of college, would like to lose weight by doing yoga however, she has had trouble losing weight in the past. Studies show that college students are affected greatly by obesity. This critical power point, involving the young adult, contains the term first-year 15, which refers to the nonion that the first year of college is associated with a fifteen pound weight gain. Yoga has been positively correlated with helping people sink pounds, or at least keep them from gaining weight (Fred, 2005). In addition, Bruckheim (1990) found that reducing fat intake can increase weight loss however, the musician would not like to change her eating habits at this time.Statement of the ProblemIn this study, the case that will be presented is a 19 year old woman, who is going to do yoga and not change what she eats. She is 57 tall and weighed cl pounds at the beginning of the study. In an interview during the baseline period of the study, the player stated she was unhappy with her weight, which causes her to feel bad about the way she looks. The histrion talked about prior attempts at losing weight, which included dieting and exercising. She also stated that, with organism a full time college student, she is unable to stick to a regular schedule of exercising, and has been unable to stay on a diet. Her weight has been over 150 pounds since her 9th grade year of high school, and she has had trouble losing weight ever since. The oddment of this study is to increase the thespians weight loss by doing yoga for 60 minutes per day, for 35 days. The participants reason for wanting to lose weight is because she wants to look thinner, and fit better in her clothes.Literature Review in that respect have been numerous research studies conducted to find out more about obesity rates in America, as well as how general enjoyment and dieting can affect weight loss however, there are few studies addressing the effects yoga can have on weight loss among Caucasian women who are full time students. One study completed by Wharton, Adama and Hampl (2008) found that university students are prone to using inappropriate weight loss practices , and Lloyd-Richardson et al. (2 009), found that both males and females gain weight, with similar patterns observed over the freshman year and the greatest weight changes for both sexes occurred during the first semester.When it comes to physical activity and utilisation, Rocette et al. (2005) found that effect participation was approximately 50% at the beginning and end of freshman year. Although they observed no changes in aerobic or strengthening exercises, more students account engaging in stretching exercises at the end of freshman year however, more than half of the students in Rocettes (2005) sample reported eating high-fat deep-fried or fast foods at least 3 times during the week.Its widely known that regular yoga can help reduce stress, which in turn slows the turnout of cortisol, the hormone responsible for belly fat. A study done by Caffrey (2013) found that yoga practitioners lost fat over an initial 6 month study period, and kept losing it during a maintenance period with less direct supervision. Another study, funded by the National Cancer Institute, involved 15,500 healthy, middle-aged men and women who were asked to complete a written survey recalling their physical activity, and weight history between the ages 45 and 55 (Fred, 2005). The study measured the impact of yoga with weight change, independent of other factors such as diet or other types of physical activity. The result was that those practicing yoga, who were overweight to start with, lost about 5 pounds during the same time period those not practicing yoga gained 14 pounds (Fred, 2005).MethodologyA single system, research design was conducted over 50 days to assess the effectiveness of yoga on weight loss for an overweight 19 year old Caucasian woman. The weight loss intervention was introduced after a 15 day baseline period. The primary objective was to catch whether yoga could decrease weight, while keeping the same eating habits over a 35 day intervention period.During the 15 day baseline period (Februar y 1st-15th), the participant was asked to document her weight in pounds every five days by nine oclock in the morning, using a standard weight scale. The baseline period was reported to the researcher through text messages. Following the 15 day time period, an interview was conducted over the phone, where the participant established her goal to participate in yoga for 60 minutes each day for 35 days. After the baseline period and interview were over, the researcher made phone contacts with the participant every five days to monitor the progress (February 16th-March 22nd). The researcher recorded the participants weight in pounds on a graph over a 50 day time period (see Figure 1).Figure 1. The intervention was implemented following the 15 day baseline period, which is marked by the dotted line.ResultsThe goal of this research study was to analyze the effect of a 35 day weight loss intervention based on yoga. A young female college student participated in yoga seven days per week for 60 minutes each day. A baseline was documented over a 15 day time period and the intervention was documented over 35 days. The participants weight was recorded every five days. At the end of the 50th day, the participant showed a weight loss of seven pounds. As shown in Figure 1, the goal of decreasing the participants weight was met. The participant showed decreased body weight, from 150 pounds to 143 pounds. Those findings are consistent with previous studies.DiscussionSingle-system research designs are a research methodology that lets a practitioner track their progress with a client (Bloom, 1993). Yoga has been positively associated with weight loss in experimental and quasi-experimental designs, which look at the effect of an intervention within, or between, groups of people (Fred, 2005). The use of yoga as an intervention in a single system design worked due to being able to establish a realistic goal and an intervention plan.Limitations occur within most research studies. In this single system research design, there were such limitations. Weight loss is affected by numerous things, such as your environment, genetics, metabolic rate, activity level, and what you eat. This study focused solely on activity levels and did not take into account the environment, genetics, metabolic rate or what the participant was eating. An uncontrolled diet was the main limitation to this study. The participant stated that she ate out at least once a week, and broadly ate at the dining hall on her college campus, where the food did not usually meet nutritious guide lines. The effect of this can be seen in Figure 1, when a pound or less was lost between day 25 and 35. The participants influx of weight during the baseline period was due to her ending menstrual cycle. The participant stated it was normal for her to gain weight towards the end of it. Before this study, the participant was not getting any exercise on a regular basis, so when she started doing yoga 60 minutes p er day, it had a profound effect on her weight. Although a form of exercise alone helped this participant lose weight, research has found that, when coupled with high activity levels, eating healthy can have an even more profound effect on weight loss (Sareen et al, 2012). For that reason, when research is done further on the effects of yoga on weight loss, I recommend having a diet plan incarnate into the design if weight loss is the main goal of the study.ReferencesAdult Obesity Facts. (2014, September 9). Retrieved March 15, 2015, from http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.htmlBloom, M. (1993). Single-system designs in the social services Issues and options for the 1990s. brisk York Haworth Press.Bruckheim, A. (June 26, 1990). Reduce fat intake to reduce weight. Chicago Tribune (pre-1997 Fulltext), 2.Caffrey, M. (2013). Restorative Yoga Better Than Stretching for Trimming Subcutaneous Fat in Overweight Women. American diary of Managed Care. Retrieved March 22, 2015, from http// www.ajmc.com/publications/evidence-based-diabetes-management/2013/2013-1-Vol19-sp7/Restorative-Yoga-Better-Than-Stretching-for-Trimming-Subcutaneous-Fat-in-Overweight-WomenFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. (2005, July 21). Regular Yoga Practice May Help Prevent Middle-age Spread. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 22, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/07/050720064358.htmLloyd-Richardson, E.E., Bailey, S., Fava, J.L., and Wing, R. Tobacco Etiology Research Network (TERN). (2009). A potential study of weight gain during the college freshman and sophomore years. Prev. Med. 48 (3) 256261. doi10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.12.009. PMID19146870.Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 19992004. Jama 295(13)15491555.Racette, S. B., Deusinger, S. S., Strube, M. J., Highstein, G. R., Deusinger, R. H. (2005). Weight Changes, Exercise, and Dietary Patterns during Freshman and Sophomore Years of Col lege. Journal Of American College Health, 53(6), 245-251.Sareen S. Gropper, Karla P. Simmons, Lenda Jo Connell, and Pamela V. Ulrich. (2012). Changes in body weight, composition, and shape a 4-year study of college students. Applied Physiology, Nutrition Metabolism, 37(6), 1118-1123.Wharton, C. M., Adams, T., Hampl, J. S. (2008, January 01). Weight loss practices and body weight perceptions among US college students. Journal of American College Health J of Ach, 56, 5.)

Free My Antonia Essays: An Analysis :: My Antonia Essays

My Antonia I think that My Antonia, written in 1918, is one of Cathers finest works. Critic H. L. Mencken thought it to be the near accomplished, and shortly after it was print in 1919 he wrote, Her style has lost self-consciousness her feeling for form has become instinctive. And she has got such a grip upon her materials...I know of no novel that makes the impertinent folk of the Western praries more real...and I know of none that makes them seem better worth knowing. One of the high points in the story is the tragic slick of Mr. Shimerdas death. In this character Cather shows an almost obsessive longing of hers for the past. A cultered man, Antonias father cannot handle the hardships he encounters in Nebraska, and longs for his life back in Bohemia. He clings to his nonagenarian World wardrobe and foods...a knitted grey vest, and, instead of a collar, a silk scarf of a dark bronze-green, carefully crossed and held together by a red coral pin. Homesick for his native land Mr. Shimerda shoots himself. Some critics find Cathers recurring preoccupation with the past destructive, T. K. Whipple said that there was an element of cacoethes in the theme. To have cared intensely about anything, is not to have lived in vain. I think that the theme of the immigrants longing for the past was very fitting. Many of the settlers of the mid-west praries were immigrants, and most did desperately try to cling to their past while building a new life in the melting pot of America. The hardships of the immigrants were not uncommon. Many were compel to go into town to become a hired girl as Antonia did before she returned to the farm labor that she enjoyed, where she discovered city life in the dance clubs. My favorite part about reading My Antonia is the beautiful descriptions of the land and other small details. In this story Jim Burden is not only a vote counter for Cather, but for the land. Throughout the story his descriptions bring an eloquent style to her writing and capture the reader into the story. Everywhere, as far as the eye could reach, there was zilch but rough, shaggy red grass, most as tall as I. In a phrase that is now on Cathers tombstone, he comes to accept the powerfulness of the land over him, saying, That is happiness to be dissolved into something complete and great.

The Island of Crete Essay -- Crete Island Geography Geographical Paper

The Island of CreteAlthough once a strategic military site even up done World War II, Crete is now a wonderful Hellenic asset full of history, culture, and beauty. Crete is the largest of the Greek islands and is located in the southeast of the Mediterranean Sea. Crete is not and home to more than 550,000 Greek citizens it is similarly the destination for more than one quarter of all visitors that come to Greece. Crete is an island full of culture and celebration. Each town celebrates the day allocated to their patron saint, and there are cultural and wine festivals throughout the summer. The most important festivals on Crete are the Renaissance Festival in Rethymno, the Kyrvia Festival in lerapetra, Sitia?s Krnaria Festval, and Irakio?s summer arts Festival and the Lato Festival in Agios Nikolas. Important holidays on Crete are, of course, Easter, which is taken very seriously by all Greek orthodox believers. Other than Easter, Epiphany on January 6th, independence Day on March 25th, May Day on May 1st, the Battle of Crete during the last week of may, and self-confidence Day on August 15th (Crete) .? GeographyCrete is located in the southeast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is 3038 square miles, 161 miles long by about 38 miles huge in its widest part.? Crete is divided into four different districts, or ?Naomoi? in Greek.? From west to east these districts are Hania, Rethymnon, Iraklion, and Lassithi. In each of these districts are several municipalities and each of those municipalities is kick upstairs broken down into several towns and villages. The major tourist spots are on the north side of the island, and subsequently all major towns are also on that side of the island. The east side of the island is by far the driest with... ...ligious, and enjoy traditional Greek food.? Crete is a fascinating place with a unique culture, enkindle sites, rich history, and natural beauty which anyone would be fortunate to experience during their lifetime.Works Cite dCrete (2003).? Lonely Planet World Guide. Retrieved December 14, 2003. http//www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/crete/Greece (2003). Country Reports. Retrieved December 14, 2003. http//www.classbrain.com/cb_cr/geos/gr.htmlThe Monastery of Touplou (2003).? mounting in Crete. Retrieved December 13, 2003. http//www.climbincrete.com/EN/homepage/archives/000229.phpThe Palace of Knossos (2003). Hellenic Ministry of Culture. Retrieved December 13, 2003. http//www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21123n/e211wn01.htmlThe Samaria Gorge (2003). University of Crete. Retrieved December 13, 2003.http//www.uch.gr/crete/places/samaria.html